Recognition technique of “bright spot” and its application to shallow oil & gas accumulations offshore in Structure X
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摘要:
研究区目的层埋深较浅，地震剖面上存在多套强反射轴。由于钻井资料少，虽然已知油气层为强反射的“亮点”特征，但样本点少，缺少强反射与含油气性的统计关系，无法直观判定强反射的流体属性。研究区目的层地震资料分辨率好，保幅性好，具备开展识别“亮点”油气藏的条件。本文利用一系列技术手段对目的层段发育的地震强反射区进行了综合研究，例如正演模拟判定真假“亮点”、AVO地震属性识别“亮点“、道集检测验证”亮点“油气性等，总结了研究区目的层段“亮点”型油气层的响应特征，并进一步刻画了含气砂体的发育规模，最后提出了勘探方向。
Abstract:Strong reflection axes are observed in the seismic profiles in the offshore area of the Structure X in the East China Sea. The strong reflections should not be regarded as bright features of oil and gas deposits, since the oil and gas reservoirs are shallowly buried in this region. There is lack of well data and samples and the correlation between strong reflection and oil-gas potential is not available. However, the seismic data of the target layer in the study area have good resolution and amplitude preservation indeed, so it is suitable for the “bright spot” identification. In view of this, we used a series of techniques, such as the forward modeling to distinguish the true and false “bright spots”, the AVO seismic attributes to recognize the “bright spots”, the gather-detection to verify the hydrocarbon potential of the “bright spots” and so on. Based on the integrated research, we summarized in this paper the responding characteristics of the “bright spot” to the type of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the target interval of the study area. According to the scale of gas-bearing sand bodies, this paper made an advice to the further exploration directions.
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Key words:
- hydrocarbon detection /
- forward modeling /
- AVO attributes /
- AVO angle stacks /
- sand description
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表 1 含气砂岩AVO异常分类表（据Castagna，1998）
Table 1. AVO anomaly classification of gas bearing sandstone（by Castagna, 1998）
气层类型 相对波阻抗 截距 梯度 振幅与偏移距关系 І 比上覆地层高 ＞0 − 减少，远道极性反转 II 与上覆地层相当 ≈0 − 紧到弱，远道强 Ш 比上覆地层低 ＜0 − 逐渐增强 IV 比上覆地层低 ＜0 + 逐渐减弱 
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