Sedimentary evolution of the passive continental margin of the north sub-basin, Senegel Basin and its controlling factors
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摘要:
塞内加尔盆地是位于西北非大西洋沿岸的一个裂谷-被动大陆边缘叠合型盆地，其中的北部次盆在非洲的大西洋沿岸盆地中，其以陆坡地貌多变、碳酸盐岩发育而盐构造相对欠发育为特征。本文通过地震、钻井资料解释与构造沉积学分析，研究北部次盆南段在被动大陆边缘盆地发育期的陆坡地貌与沉积充填演化特征，明确其主控因素，为系统揭示塞内加尔盆地发育特征、西北非被动大陆边缘盆地演化规律提供地质依据。研究表明，研究区在白垩纪经历了台地边缘斜坡、同沉积断坡、宽缓沉积斜坡等陆坡地貌阶段，发育了早白垩世Neocomian-Aptian期的碳酸盐岩台地建设期、Albian-Santonian期的断坡-碎屑岩陆坡内外分离式沉积期、Campanian-Maastrichtian期的碎屑岩缓坡沉积期等构造沉积演化阶段，各阶段形成了不同的沉积格局。全球海平面变化与陆源碎屑供给相对欠发育是造就研究区被动大陆边缘盆地沉积充填特征的首要因素；区域构造运动对该区陆坡地貌的演化、不整合的发生、物源的进退有着直接的控制作用；古气候与物源区条件则间接影响着盆内沉积物的类型、规模与格局。
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关键词:
- 被动大陆边缘 /
- 陆坡地貌 /
- 构造-沉积演化 /
- 控制因素 /
- 塞内加尔盆地北部次盆
Abstract:The north sub-basin of the Senegel Basin is a rift and passive continental margin superimposed basin along the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa. It is characterized by multiple types of continental slopes, well-developed carbonate sediments and relatively underdeveloped salt structures. Based on the seismic and drilling data of the southern area of the sub-basin, this paper analyzed the paleogeomorphic evolution of the continental slope and the sedimentary filling history during the development period as a passive continental margin basin. Main controlling factors for the geological characteristics of the sub-basin are discussed in the paper. The study reveals that during Cretaceous, the continental slope of the study area had experienced several phases of evolution, from the platform margin slope, to the syndepositional fault slope, and to the broad and gentle sedimentary slope, corresponding to the tectono-sedimentary evolution stages: the carbonate platform construction stage of early Cretaceous, the Albian-Santonian stages while the clastic deposits area be separated into internal and external areas by fault slope, and the Campanian-Maastrichtian stages dominated by a gentle slope covered by clastic deposits. Sediment distributions in different stages show different depositional patterns. Global sea level changes and relatively insufficient supply of terrigenous clastic are important factors for the sediment filling features of the passive continental margin basin in the study area. Regional tectonic activities have a direct impact over the evolution of landform, the occurrence of unconformity and the movement of provenance back and forth in the study area. The paleoclimate and provenance conditions have indirect influences on the type, scale and sediment depositional pattern in the basin.
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