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海山对深水底流沉积过程及演化的影响研究进展

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文章导航 > 海洋地质与第四纪地质 > 2020 > 40(5): 68-78

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王星星, 蔡峰, 吴能友, 李清, 孙治雷, 吴林强. 海山对深水底流沉积过程及演化的影响研究进展[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2020, 40(5): 68-78. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019111101
引用本文: 王星星, 蔡峰, 吴能友, 李清, 孙治雷, 吴林强. 海山对深水底流沉积过程及演化的影响研究进展[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2020, 40(5): 68-78. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019111101
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WANG Xingxing, CAI Feng, WU Nengyou, LI Qing, SUN Zhilei, WU Linqiang. Research progress in seamount influence on depositional processes and evolution of deep-water bottom currents[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(5): 68-78. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019111101
Citation: WANG Xingxing, CAI Feng, WU Nengyou, LI Qing, SUN Zhilei, WU Linqiang. Research progress in seamount influence on depositional processes and evolution of deep-water bottom currents[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(5): 68-78. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019111101
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海山对深水底流沉积过程及演化的影响研究进展

  • 1.

    自然资源部天然气水合物重点实验室，中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所，青岛 266071

  • 2.

    海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室，青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室，青岛 266071

  • 3.

    中国地质调查局发展研究中心，北京 100037

  • 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划“冷泉系统发育的地质条件及控制作用”（2018YFC0310001）；国家自然科学基金重点项目“西太平洋地球系统多圈层相互作用”（91858208）；中国地质调查局海洋地质调查专项项目（DD20190819）
详细信息
    作者简介: 王星星（1991—），男，博士，主要从事深水沉积学方面的研究工作，E-mail：Xingx_Wang@hotmail.com

  • 中图分类号: P736.2

Research progress in seamount influence on depositional processes and evolution of deep-water bottom currents

  • 1.

    Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China

  • 2.

    Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China

  • 3.

    Development Research Center of China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China

    摘要

  • 海山是广泛分布于深水区的一种构造地貌类型，底流则是一种长期存在于深水区的沉积动力，故二者之间将会不可避免地发生相互作用，对深水沉积过程及其演化具有不可忽略的控制作用。通过归纳总结全球海山区底流沉积过程研究成果，指出在海山的直接或间接作用下，深水底流沉积动力受到影响，流动路径发生改变，产生次级底流沉积动力，同时也可影响生物群落分布，进而导致海山区沉积地貌及岩相表现出独特的平面展布特征。随着海山区底流沉积动力和沉积地貌背景的垂向演变，不同时期底流沉积过程及其响应也有所差异。因此，海山区底流沉积动力复杂且具特殊性，造就了不同于开阔陆坡背景下的底流沉积地貌和岩相特征及时空分布规律，其对深海盆地构造和古海洋演化的指示意义也与开阔陆坡底流沉积体系有所不同。目前有关海山与底流沉积过程之间的耦合关系研究程度还相对较低，极大地限制着深水资源勘探和地质灾害预测，这一问题有必要在未来深水沉积学研究中给予重点关注。

    Seamount is a kind of tectonic geomorphological features widely distributed in the deep sea around the world, where bottom currents persistently exist, thus the interactions between seamounts and bottom currents are very common and will bring about non-negligible influence on deep-water sedimentation and their evolution. This study summarized the global researches on the deep water sedimentation by bottom currents around seamounts, suggesting that deep-water bottom-current hydrodynamics would change under the direct or indirect influence of seamounts, including the changing in flow paths, generation of secondary bottom currents, and variation in ecosystems. Consequently, deep-water sedimentary morphologies and lithofacies would display special distribution patterns. With the evolution of bottom-current hydrodynamics and sedimentary morphologies, deep water sedimentation processes and associated responses would change as well. In summary, bottom currents are complex and special around seamounts, resulting in sedimentary morphologies and lithofacies features as well as distribution patterns differing from those on the open slope. Thus, the sedimentary morphologies and lithofacies formed under bottom currents around seamounts have very particular implications for basin structures and palaeoceanography evolution. However, there is still lack of study concerning the coupling relationship between seamounts and deep water sedimentation processes, greatly limiting deep-sea resource exploration and geo-hazard study, thus more attention is required to be paid to the relationships in the future research of deep-water sedimentology.

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  • 图 1  全球底流沉积与底流年平均流速分布叠合图数字代表全球底流沉积统计实例序号，统计数据见文献[12]。

    Figure 1. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 2  对称海山附近底流流速平面分布（A）和垂直流向纵剖面（B）B中流速单位为m/s，黄色指示反向流速 (据文献[21]修改)。

    Figure 2. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 3  流经海山的底流流场特征图ut代表随时间变化的实际流速，u0代表平均流速，f为科氏力参数，约为10−4/s，D为海山底部直径 (据文献[4, 19]修改)。

    Figure 3. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 4  南海北部地貌图（A）和南海北部海平面异常（SLA）与表层流速度平面分布图（B）及南海东沙陆坡地区TJ-A-1站位原位观测结果（C-F）[35]

    Figure 4. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 5  流经海山区的中尺度涡旋所导致的底流的流场分布示意图

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  海山附近底流沉积动力及沉积地貌分布模式图（A）和海山附近底流沉积地貌平面以及横、纵剖面示意图（B—D）[5]

    Figure 6. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 7  东沙陆坡海山区底流改造砂

    Figure 7. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 8  海山之上受水动力影响的生物群落补充过程示意图[51]

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  海山区底流沉积层序演化过程示意图[55]

    Figure 9. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    表 1  海山对底流沉积动力影响

    Table 1.  Seamount influences on bottom-current dynamics

    影响因素对底流沉积动力的影响
    海山形态、规模（1）相比于圆锥形海山，伸长状海山更容易导致底流沉积动力增强，并且增强幅度与海山高度呈正相关[27]；
    （2）底流沉积动力随坡度的增大而有所增强[14]，故坡度较陡的海山受到的侵蚀作用更强；
    （3）当海山高程较大时，将导致海山周缘斜坡在垂向上受到不同底流的影响，所对应的底流沉积动力与沉积响应也有所差异；
    底流流向与伸长状
    海山走向的关系    		（1）垂直：迎流一侧底流强度更大，易于造成侵蚀；背流一侧易于激发内波作用继续向前传播[6]；
    （2）平行：底流顺坡侵蚀，尤其在坡脚处底流强度相对较大，易于形成底流沟道[38]；
    （3）斜交：底流流向易于发生改变，平行海山走向分量可沿斜坡走向进行侵蚀[38]；
    海山群空间分布随着海山间中心连线的距离和走向的改变，海山区底流沉积动力也随之发生改变。但是，目前该方面研究程度还相对较低，主要集中在早期的数值模拟研究方面[4]，还需要展开进一步的研究。
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收稿日期:  2019-11-11
修回日期:  2020-01-10
刊出日期:  2020-10-25

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