Summer upwelling current in Weihai Bay and its contribution to transportation of suspended matters
-
摘要:
利用2018年夏季威海湾及邻近海域的实测海水温度、盐度、浊度数据和海湾口门处的水位、潮流、底层水温数据，结合局地风场和海表温度卫星遥感资料，分析了夏季威海湾上升流现象，研究了其形成机制及对悬浮体输运的影响。结果表明：威海湾内表层水温低于23 ℃，较湾外约低4～5 ℃，等温线由海向陆沿地形逐渐抬升，在口门处呈尖锥状向上拱起，湾内存在明显的上升流现象，其中心位于口门附近。观测期间随着局地风场变化，上升流呈现稳定、减弱、消失、恢复的阶段性变化。威海湾上升流主要是由夏季偏南风驱动产生，海底地形则对上升流的强度具有重要影响。在偏南风的作用下，上层海水以离岸运动为主，外海中下层冷水主要通过南侧口门进入湾内，过剩的水体通过北侧口门流出。研究区水体浊度的分布状态与海水温度场具有高度相关性，浊度等值线在口门处凸起，具有向上涌升的趋势。成山头附近海域再悬浮的泥沙可能是威海湾内泥质沉积的主要来源之一，上升流的存在一方面可以减缓悬浮体的沉降速度，另一方面为底层海水提供向岸运动的分量。
Abstract:This paper is devoted to the mechanism of summer upwelling current in Weihai Bay and its contribution to the transportation of suspended matters based on the observation data acquired from the instrumented tripods placed at the grid stations arround the bay mouth during the summer of 2018. The data studied includes water temperature, salinity, turbidity, water level, tidal current, satellite remote sensing data of SST and winds. Results show that the water temperature of the surface layer in the bay is below 23 ℃, about 4～5 ℃ lower than that of the outside water. Isotherms were climbing up shoreward and peaked near the bay mouth in a cone-shaped form, indicating the existence of upwelling current. With the change of local winds, the upwelling current changes in a cyclic pattern from stabilization, weakening, disappearance and recovery. The upwelling was supposed to be driven by southerly summer winds, and the local topography has a significant impact on its intensity. Under the action of southerly winds, water in the upper layer moves seaward, which causes the upwelling of cold bottom water flowing from the outside into the bay mainly through the southern mouth. Instead, the surplus water flows out of the bay through the northern mouth. The distribution of turbidity in the study area was well correlated with water temperature, the iso-contours of turbidity also bulge upward near the bay mouth. The re-suspended sediment off the Chengshantou Cape may be the main source of the mud deposit in the bay, the existence of upwelling current may reduce the settling velocity of suspended matters and drive the landward transport of the bottom water.
-
Key words:
- upwelling /
- suspended matter /
- mud deposit /
- Weihai Bay /
- Shandong Peninsula
-
-
表 1 三角架观测系统仪器布设及参数设定情况
Table 1. Summary of instruments and sampling parameters at tripod stations
仪器名称 距底高度/m 采样时间/间隔 测量参数 观测时间 Nortek 6 MHz ADV 0.7 300 s/60 min 近底流速 2018年8月5-15日 Teledyne RD Instruments CTD-NV 1.2 300 s/60 min 底层水温、水位 FlowQuest 600 kHz ADCP 1.8 100 s/60 min 潮流 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 许金电, 蔡尚湛, 宣莉莉, 等. 2006年夏季琼东、粤西沿岸上升流研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2013, 35(4):11-18
XU Jindian, CAI Shangzhan, XUAN Lili, et al. Study on coastal upwelling in eastern Hainan Island and western Guangdong in summer, 2006 [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2013, 35(4): 11-18.
[2] 颜廷壮. 中国沿岸上升流成因类型的初步划分[J]. 海洋通报, 1991, 10(6):1-6
YAN Tingzhuang. Features and classification of coastal upwellings off China [J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 1991, 10(6): 1-6.
[3] 赵保仁, 李徽翡, 杨玉玲. 长江口海区上升流现象的数值模拟[J]. 海洋科学集刊, 2003:64-76
ZHAO Baoren, LI Huifei, YANG Yuling. Numerical simulation of upwelling in the Changjiang River mouth area [J]. Studia Marina Sinica, 2003: 64-76.
[4] 吕新刚, 乔方利, 夏长水, 等. 长江口外及浙江沿岸夏季上升流的潮生机制[J]. 中国科学D辑: 地球科学, 2007, 50(3):462-473 doi: 10.1007/s11430-007-2050-0
Xingang, QIAO Fangli, XIA Changshui, et al. Tidally induced upwelling off Yangtze River estuary and in Zhejiang coastal waters in summer [J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2007, 50(3): 462-473. doi: 10.1007/s11430-007-2050-0
[5] 要津. 春季长江口外上升流变化及其对悬浮体分布的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学(中国科学院海洋研究所)硕士学位论文, 2017.
YAO Jin. The variation of the upwelling off Changjiang estuary and its impact on the distribution of suspended matters in spring[D]. Master Dissertation of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017.
[6] 刘兴泉, 侯一筠, 尹宝树. 东海沿岸海区垂直环流及其温盐结构动力过程研究 I. 环流的基本特征[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2004, 35(5):393-403 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2004.05.002
LIU Xingquan, HOU Yijun, YIN Baoshu. Dynamic process of vertical circulation and temperature-salinity structure in coastal area of East China Sea Ⅰ. Basic Characteristics of the circulation [J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2004, 35(5): 393-403. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2004.05.002
[7] Hu D X. Upwelling and sedimentation dynamics I. The role of upwelling in sedimentation in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea-A description of general features [J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology & Limnology, 1984, 2(1): 12-19.
[8] 曹公平, 宋金宝, 樊伟. 2007年长江口邻近海域夏季上升流演变机制研究[J]. 海洋科学, 2013, 37(1):102-112
CAO Gongping, SONG Jinbao, FAN Wei. Mechanism of upwelling evolvement in the Yangtze River Estuary adjacent waters in summer, 2007 [J]. Marine Sciences, 2013, 37(1): 102-112.
[9] 庄伟, 胡建宇, 贺志刚, 等. 2000年7-8月台湾海峡南部至珠江口附近海域表层温、盐度分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2003, 22(4):68-76 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2003.04.009
ZHUANG Wei, HU Jianyu, HE Zhigang, et al. An analysis on surface temperature and salinity from southern Taiwan Strait to Zhujiang River estuary during July-August, 2000 [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2003, 22(4): 68-76. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2003.04.009
[10] 孙振宇, 胡建宇, 毛华斌. 2006年9月南海北部表层温盐场的走航观测[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2008, 27(1):6-10 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2008.01.002
SUN Zhenyu, HU Jianyu, MAO Huabin. Underway observation of surface temperature and salinity in north South China Sea in September 2006 [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2008, 27(1): 6-10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2008.01.002
[11] 蔡尚湛, 吴日升, 许金电. 2006年夏季粤东至闽南近岸海域上升流的特征[J]. 台湾海峡, 2001, 30(4):489-497
CAI Shangzhan, WU Risheng, XU Jindian. Characteristics of upwelling in eastern Guangdong and southern Fujian coastal waters during 2006 summer [J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2001, 30(4): 489-497.
[12] 汪彧, 经志友, 齐义泉. 2013年夏季琼东海域上升流观测研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2016, 35(2):40-49 doi: 10.11978/2015062
WANG Yu, JING Zhiyou, QI Yiquan. Coastal upwelling off eastern Hainan Island observed in the summer of 2013 [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2016, 35(2): 40-49. doi: 10.11978/2015062
[13] 赵保仁. 黄海冷水团锋面与潮混合[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 1985, 16(6):451-460
ZHAO Baoren. The fronts of the Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass induced by tidal mixing [J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1985, 16(6): 451-460.
[14] 夏综万, 郭炳火. 山东半岛和辽东半岛顶端附近水域的冷水现象及上升流[J]. 黄渤海海洋, 1983, 1(1):13-19
XIA Zongwan, GUO Binghuo. Cold water and upwelling around the tips of Shandong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula [J]. Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai & Bohai Seas, 1983, 1(1): 13-19.
[15] 吕新刚. 黄东海上升流机制数值研究[D]. 中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所)博士学位论文, 2010.
LÜ Xingang. A numerical study of the mechanisms of the upwelling in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[D]. Doctor Dissertation of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2010.
[16] 赵保仁. 南黄海西部的陆架锋及冷水团锋区环流结构的初步研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 1987, 18(3):217-226
ZHAO Baoren. A preliminary study of continental shelf fronts in the western part of southern Huanghai Sea and circulation structure in the front region of the Huanghai Cold Water Mass (HCWM) [J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1987, 18(3): 217-226.
[17] Lü X G, Qiao F L, Xia C S, et al. Upwelling and surface cold patches in the Yellow Sea in summer: Effects of tidal mixing on the vertical circulation [J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2010, 30(6): 620-632. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2009.09.002
[18] Yang Z S, Liu J P. A unique Yellow River-derived distal subaqueous delta in the Yellow Sea [J]. Marine Geology, 2007, 240(1-4): 169-176. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.02.008
[19] Bian C W, Jiang W S, Quan Q, et al. Distributions of suspended sediment concentration in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea based on field surveys during the four seasons of 2011 [J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2013, 121-122: 24-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.03.013
[20] 余佳. 黄海悬浮体分布及季节性变化[D]. 中国海洋大学硕士学位论文, 2012.
YU Jia. Seasonal variation and distribution of suspended sediment in the Yellow Sea[D]. Master Dissertation of Ocean University of China, 2012.
[21] 吴桑云, 王文海. 海湾分类系统研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2000, 22(4):83-89
WU Sangyun, WANG Wenhai. Study on the classification system of bays [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2000, 22(4): 83-89.
[22] 程波. 威海湾表层沉积物地球化学[J]. 海洋科学, 1989(6):42-46
CHENG Bo. Geochemistry of Weihai Bay surface sediment and its development [J]. Marine Sciences, 1989(6): 42-46.
[23] 冯秀丽, 姜朝松, 杨荣民, 等. 威海湾建港条件分析[J]. 海岸工程, 1992, 11(1):41-48
FENG Xiuli, JIANG Chaosong, YANG Rongmin, et al. Analysis of conditions for harbour building in Weihai Bay [J]. Coastal Engineering, 1992, 11(1): 41-48.
[24] 姚兰芳. 威海湾潮流的分布特征[J]. 海岸工程, 1990, 9(3-4):61-65
YAO Lanfang. Distributional features of the tidal current in the Weihai Bay [J]. Coastal Engineering, 1990, 9(3-4): 61-65.
[25] 中国海湾志编纂委员会. 中国海湾志: 山东半岛北部和东部海湾(第三分册)[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1991: 265-308.
Compilation Committee of China Bays. China Bay in Third Volumes (North and East of Shandong Peninsula Bays)[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1991.
[26] Tomczak M. Upwelling dynamics in deep and shallow water[Z]//Shelf and Coastal Oceanography. 1998.
[27] 许金电, 蔡尚湛, 宣莉莉, 等. 粤东至闽南沿岸海域夏季上升流的调查研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2014, 33(2):1-9 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2014.02.001
XU Jindian, CAI Shangzhan, XUAN Lili, et al. Observational study on summertime upwelling in coastal seas between eastern Guangdong and southern Fujian [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2014, 33(2): 1-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2014.02.001
[28] Song Y T, Chao Y. A theoretical study of topographic effects on coastal upwelling and cross-shore exchange [J]. Ocean Modelling, 2004, 6(2): 151-176. doi: 10.1016/S1463-5003(02)00064-1
[29] 颜廷壮. 浙江和琼东沿岸上升流的成因分析[J]. 海洋学报, 1992, 14(3):12-18
YAN Tingzhuang. Analysis of the causes of coastal upwelling off Zhejiang and eastern Guangdong [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 1992, 14(3): 12-18.
[30] Jiang L D, Yan X H, Tseng Y H, et al. A numerical study on the role of wind forcing, bottom topography, and nonhydrostacy in coastal upwelling [J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2011, 95(1): 99-109.
[31] Gao S, Jia J J. Modeling suspended sediment distribution in continental shelf upwelling/downwelling settings [J]. Geo-Marine Letters, 2002, 22(4): 218-226. doi: 10.1007/s00367-002-0116-8
[32] Liu J P, Milliman J D, Gao S, et al. Holocene development of the Yellow River's subaqueous delta, North Yellow Sea [J]. Marine Geology, 2004, 209(1-4): 45-67. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.06.009
[33] Li Y H, Qiao L, Wang A J, et al. Seasonal variation of water column structure and sediment transport in a mud depo-center off the Zhejiang-Fujian coast in China [J]. Ocean Dynamics, 2013, 63(6): 679-690. doi: 10.1007/s10236-013-0620-6
[34] 王爱军, 陈坚, 叶翔, 等. 台湾海峡西南部海域春季悬浮体及沉积物来源与输运机制[J]. 海洋学报, 2010, 32(6):130-143
WANG Aijun, CHEN Jian, YE Xiang, et al. Sediment sources and transport patterns in the southwest Taiwan Strait in spring [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2010, 32(6): 130-143.
[35] 齐君, 李凤业, 宋金明, 等. 北黄海沉积速率及其沉积通量[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2004, 24(2):9-14
QI Jun, LI Fengye, SONG Jinming, et al. Sedimentation rate and flux of the North Yellow Sea [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2004, 24(2): 9-14.
[36] Lim D I, Choi J Y, Jung H S, et al. Recent sediment accumulation and origin of shelf mud deposits in the Yellow and East China Seas [J]. Progress in Oceanography, 2007, 73(2): 145-159. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2007.02.004
[37] 王爱美. 黄海中部泥质沉积区温度锋面及层化的时空变化及其沉积效应[D]. 中国海洋大学, 2019.
WANG Aimei. Thermal front and stratification effect on the sediment transport and deposition at a muddy clinoform in the Yellow sea[D]. Ocean University of China, 2019.
[38] Zhong W, Zhu L H, Dong P, et al. Mechanisms of sediment trapping in coastal embayments off the Shandong Peninsula in summer—A case study in Weihai Bay [J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2020, 236: 106623. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106623
-
图(8)
表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1140
- PDF下载数: 13
- 施引文献: 0