太康隆起上古生界稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

曾秋楠; 张交东; 于炳松; 刘旭锋; 周新桂

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019122301

太康隆起上古生界稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

1.
中国地质大学（北京），北京 100083

2.
中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心，北京 100083

基金项目: 国家重大科技专项“大型油气田和煤层气开发”下属课题4任务6“南华北地区海陆交互相页岩气勘查评价应用试验”（2016ZX05034004-006）；地质调查项目“南华北盆地上古生界油气地质调查”（DD20190095）

详细信息

作者简介: 曾秋楠（1988—），女，工程师，主要从事石油地质学研究，E-mail：zqn1001@foxmail.com

中图分类号: P736.4

收稿日期: 2019-12-23

修回日期: 2020-03-11

刊出日期: 2020-06-25

Geochemical characteristics of Upper Paleozoic mudstone in southern North China Basin and their geological significances

1.
China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

2.
Oil and Gas Survey, China Geology Survey, Beijing 100083, China

Received Date: 23 December 2019

Revised Date: 11 March 2020

Publish Date: 25 June 2020

摘要

摘要:
南华北盆地晚古生代海陆交互相暗色泥岩较为发育，是该区主要烃源岩层系之一。本文采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和X射线荧光光谱（XRF）对太康隆起西部地区上古生界本溪组、太原组、山西组和下石盒子组28件暗色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩样品进行了稀土元素和微量元素测试，基于稀土元素的稳定性和其对沉积水体变化的高敏感度，结合泥岩有机碳含量及宏观沉积特征，探讨太原组、山西组古沉积环境及其对有机质富集的影响。分析结果表明，太康隆起地区太原组和山西组稀土元素总量高，轻、重稀土元素分异程度相近，明显高于本溪组和下石盒子组，同时山西组具有较弱的Ce负异常和较强的Eu负异常。Ce异常表明本溪组至下石盒子组整体形成于缺氧的还原环境。ΣREE和TOC在垂向上的变化表明古气候条件经历了由干冷向温湿的转变，沉积速率先降低再增大，太原期沉积水体深，沉降速率低，环境稳定，对有机质的富集和保存有着重要的地质意义。
- 稀土元素 /
- 上古生界 /
- 古环境 /
- 南华北盆地
Abstract:
Marine and continental alternative shale of Upper Paleozoic is important as a source rock in southern North China Basin. In this paper, twenty-eight mudstone and silty mudstone samples collected from Upper Paleozoic Benxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi and Xiashihezi Formations on Taikang Uplift, southern North China Basin were analyzed for REEs and trace elements, by means of ICP-MS and XRF to investigate the characteristics of paleoenvironment and their effect on the enrichment of organic matters. The result shows that mudstone in Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations, especially the latter, has similar features of obvious Eu-anomalies and weak Ce-anomalies, higher total REE contents and higher fractionation between LREE and HREE compared with samples from the Benxi and Xiashihezi Formations. The Ce abnormity, which can be used to reveal redox of lake water, shows that the studied samples are mainly formed in a hypoxic reducing environment. Vertical distribution of ΣREE and TOC suggests a change of climate from cold-arid to warm-humid, and a variation of sedimentation rate of mudstone from high to low to high. Among the four studied Formations, the Taiyuan Formation is the one with a stable sedimentary environment of deep water and low sedimentation rate, which benefits the accumulation and preservation of organic matters.
- REE /
- Upper Paleozoic /
- paleoenvironment /
- southern North China Basin

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图 1 研究区位置及早二叠世岩相古地理图（据曾秋楠，2019^[9]修改）

Figure 1.

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图 2 南华北盆地太康隆起上古生界泥岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分配模式

Figure 2.

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图 3 南华北盆地太康隆起上古生界泥岩北美页岩标准化稀土元素分配模式

Figure 3.

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图 4 研究区泥岩δCe_N-δEu_N、δCe_N-∑REE、δCe_N-（La/Sm）_N相关性图解

Figure 4.

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图 5 太康隆起尉参1井稀土元素质量分数及地球化学参数垂向分布图

Figure 5.

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图 6 太康隆起上古生界泥岩源岩构造背景判别

Figure 6.

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图 7 研究区泥岩TOC-∑REE相关性图解

Figure 7.

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表 1 太康隆起上古生界泥岩稀土元素质量分数表

Table 1. REE content of the Upper Paleozoic samples on Taikang Uplift

层位	样品编号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Y	∑REE	LREE	HREE	L/H	TOC
下石盒子组	X-1	47.4	106	12.8	51.5	7.82	1.2	5.4	0.822	4.56	0.974	3.15	0.599	3.99	0.559	24.6	271.374	226.72	20.054	11.31	0.12
	X-2	10.2	23.9	3.11	12.5	2.84	1.09	2.76	0.597	3.8	0.746	2.26	0.434	2.81	0.428	19.7	87.175	53.64	13.835	3.88
	X-3	54.4	104	12	47.1	8.93	1.92	7.52	1.18	6.13	1.23	3.49	0.63	4.09	0.606	35.4	288.626	228.35	24.876	9.18	0.61
	X-4	75.7	147	17.4	68.8	11.5	1.85	8.16	1.2	6.23	1.27	4	0.741	4.78	0.69	36.8	386.121	322.25	27.071	11.90	0.55
	X-5	27.1	61.5	7.58	27.8	3.42	0.472	3.06	0.561	3.68	0.848	2.84	0.576	3.78	0.548	20.9	164.665	127.872	15.893	8.05	0.13
	X-6	53.1	98.3	11.3	40.6	6.36	1.17	5.44	0.94	5.44	1.13	3.4	0.638	4.13	0.596	31	263.544	210.83	21.714	9.71	0.14
山西组	S-1	92.3	177	19.9	77.4	15.1	3.48	10.8	1.64	9.15	1.89	5.61	1.02	6.51	0.94	50.1	472.84	385.18	37.56	10.26	1.22
	S-2	86.1	161	19.1	73.1	14.4	2.65	10.2	1.45	7.36	1.49	4.4	0.767	4.62	0.691	44.3	431.628	356.35	30.978	11.50	0.11
	S-3	87.4	163	19.1	65	5.41	0.429	5.15	0.738	4.14	0.962	3.27	0.633	4.03	0.555	23.6	383.417	340.339	19.478	17.47
	S-4	49.8	91.5	10.8	39.4	6.13	0.95	5.43	0.979	6.09	1.34	3.99	0.777	5	0.707	33.9	256.793	198.58	24.313	8.17	0.13
	S-5	113	201	24.1	97.9	16.2	2.41	11.9	1.89	9.81	2.17	6.53	1.13	7.31	1.08	65	561.43	454.61	41.82	10.87
	S-6	70.3	134	15	54.8	7.95	0.96	6.24	0.983	5.09	1.06	3.26	0.586	3.77	0.53	28.6	333.129	283.01	21.519	13.15	0.26
	S-7	48.7	82.7	9.9	40.7	11	1.61	6.37	0.931	4.93	1.02	2.9	0.508	3.33	0.491	27.3	242.39	194.61	20.48	9.50
	S-8	68.9	130	15	54.1	8	1.23	6.21	0.953	5.29	1.14	3.71	0.648	4.35	0.616	31.9	332.047	277.23	22.917	12.10
	S-9	35.7	63.6	7.59	33.5	10.5	1.52	5.84	0.894	4.45	0.855	2.31	0.422	2.76	0.394	23	193.335	152.41	17.925	8.50
	S-10	54.8	104	12	45	8.1	1.45	6.86	1.09	5.9	1.19	3.56	0.608	3.95	0.582	32.8	281.89	225.35	23.74	9.49	1.04
	S-11	74.5	144	17	65.5	11.8	2.01	10.5	1.75	9.21	1.75	5.01	0.844	5.39	0.773	48.6	398.637	314.81	35.227	8.94	1.84
	S-12	93.5	187	21.8	84.4	15.3	2.44	11.4	1.75	9.49	1.93	5.81	1.02	6.34	0.904	50.6	493.684	404.44	38.644	10.47	1.46
	S-13	81.8	165	19	72.6	12.9	2.14	10.8	1.76	9.27	1.85	5.51	0.966	6.23	0.913	51.3	442.039	353.44	37.299	9.48	1.94
太原组	T-1	69.2	138	16	60.8	11.4	1.66	8.69	1.4	7.73	1.52	4.45	0.77	4.79	0.681	40.1	367.191	297.06	30.031	9.89
	T-2	73.2	143	16.5	63	11.4	1.91	9.84	1.6	8.77	1.68	4.77	0.803	5.15	0.721	45.2	387.544	309.01	33.334	9.27	2.37
	T-3	79.9	151	17.4	64.8	11.2	1.67	9.47	1.55	8.35	1.64	4.82	0.826	5.23	0.746	46.3	404.902	325.97	32.632	9.99
	T-4	59.1	117	13.5	52	8.86	1.86	7.52	1.15	5.62	1.04	2.93	0.476	3.02	0.428	29.5	304.004	252.32	22.184	11.37	2.18
	T-5	66.1	121	13.4	50.2	8.67	1.8	7.28	1.18	6.51	1.27	3.75	0.651	4.2	0.623	37.5	324.134	261.17	25.464	10.26	1.57
	T-6	64.3	117	13.4	49.2	8.08	1.51	6.9	1.1	5.97	1.16	3.39	0.593	3.88	0.544	34.1	311.127	253.49	23.537	10.77	0.97
本溪组	B-1	6.8	18	1.97	8.5	2.69	0.678	3.38	0.939	6.85	1.4	4.06	0.772	5	0.72	37.3	99.059	38.638	23.121	1.67	0.13
	B-2	15.3	122	8.92	39.7	7.95	0.801	4.71	0.871	5.88	1.31	4.32	0.786	5.25	0.769	31.3	249.867	194.671	23.896	8.15	0.32
	B-3	40.4	96.3	8.6	36	9.17	1.97	6.38	1.08	6.24	1.25	3.65	0.704	4.93	0.726	31.8	249.2	192.44	24.96	7.71	0.52
北美页岩		32.00	73.00	7.90	33.00	5.70	1.24	5.20	0.65	5.80	1.04	3.40	0.50	3.10	0.48	27.00	173.21	152.84	20.37	7.50
球粒陨石		0.31	0.81	0.12	0.60	0.20	0.07	0.26	0.05	0.32	0.07	0.21	0.32	0.21	0.03	1.96	3.58	2.11	1.48	1.43
PAAS		38.2	79.6	8.83	33.09	5.55	1.08	4.66	0.774	4.68	0.991	2.85	0.405	2.82	0.433
注：表中稀土元素的数据单位为10⁻⁶，TOC的单位为%，LREE表示轻稀土元素含量（La-Eu），HREE表示重稀土元素含量（Gd-Lu），∑REE=LREE+HREE+Y元素含量，L/H=LREE/HREE。

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表 2 太康隆起上古生界不同层段泥岩稀土元素质量分数

Table 2. Comparison of REE contents in mudstone from different formations on Taikang Uplift

层位	∑REE		∑LREE		∑HREE
层位	范围	均值	范围	均值	范围	均值
下石盒子组	87.18～386.12	243.58	53.64～322.25	194.94	13.84～27.07	20.57
山西组	193.34～561.43	371.02	152.41～454.61	303.1	17.93～41.82	28.61
太原组	304.00～404.90	439.82	252.32～325.97	283.17	22.18～33.33	27.86
本溪组	99.06～249.87	199.38	38.64～194.67	141.92	23.12～24.96	23.99

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表 3 太康隆起上古生界泥岩稀土元素地球化学参数

Table 3. REE geochemical parameters of samples from Upper Paleozoic, Taikang Uplift

层位	样品编号	La/ Ce	La/ Yb	La/ Sm	Gd/ Yb	Sm/ Nd	（La/ Sm）_N	（La/ Yb）_N	（Ce/ Yb）_N	（La/ Lu）_N	（Gd/ Yb）_N	（La/ Yb）_S	δCe_S	δEu_S	δCe_N	δEu_N	δCe_anom
下石盒子组	X-1	0.45	11.88	6.06	1.35	0.15	3.91	8.05	6.89	8.21	1.09	1.15	0.94	0.81	1.02	0.60	0.00
	X-2	0.43	3.63	3.59	0.98	0.23	2.32	2.46	2.21	2.31	0.79	0.35	0.92	1.71	1.01	1.27	0.01
	X-3	0.52	13.30	6.09	1.84	0.19	3.93	9.01	6.59	8.69	1.49	1.29	0.89	1.03	0.97	0.76	−0.05
	X-4	0.51	15.84	6.58	1.71	0.17	4.25	10.73	7.97	10.62	1.38	1.53	0.88	0.84	0.96	0.62	−0.04
	X-5	0.44	7.17	7.92	0.81	0.12	5.11	4.86	4.22	4.79	0.65	0.69	0.93	0.64	1.02	0.48	0.01
	X-6	0.54	12.86	8.35	1.32	0.16	5.39	8.71	6.17	8.62	1.06	1.25	0.87	0.87	0.96	0.65	−0.05
山西组	S-1	0.52	14.18	6.11	1.66	0.20	3.94	9.60	7.05	9.50	1.34	1.37	0.90	1.20	0.98	0.89	−0.04
	S-2	0.53	18.64	5.98	2.21	0.20	3.86	12.62	9.03	12.06	1.78	1.81	0.86	0.96	0.95	0.71	−0.06
	S-3	0.54	21.69	16.16	1.28	0.08	10.42	14.69	10.49	15.24	1.03	2.10	0.87	0.36	0.95	0.26	−0.05
	S-4	0.54	9.96	8.12	1.09	0.16	5.24	6.75	4.74	6.82	0.88	0.96	0.86	0.72	0.94	0.54	−0.06
	S-5	0.56	15.46	6.98	1.63	0.17	4.50	10.47	7.13	10.13	1.31	1.50	0.84	0.76	0.92	0.57	−0.08
	S-6	0.52	18.65	8.84	1.66	0.15	5.71	12.63	9.22	12.84	1.34	1.81	0.90	0.60	0.98	0.44	−0.04
	S-7	0.59	14.62	4.43	1.91	0.27	2.86	9.91	6.44	9.60	1.55	1.42	0.82	0.84	0.90	0.63	−0.10
	S-8	0.53	15.84	8.61	1.43	0.15	5.56	10.73	7.75	10.82	1.15	1.53	0.88	0.77	0.96	0.57	−0.05
	S-9	0.56	12.93	3.40	2.12	0.31	2.19	8.76	5.97	8.77	1.71	1.25	0.84	0.85	0.92	0.63	−0.08
	S-10	0.53	13.87	6.77	1.74	0.18	4.36	9.40	6.83	9.11	1.40	1.34	0.88	0.85	0.97	0.63	−0.05
	S-11	0.52	13.82	6.31	1.95	0.18	4.07	9.36	6.93	9.33	1.57	1.34	0.88	0.79	0.96	0.59	−0.04
	S-12	0.50	14.75	6.11	1.80	0.18	3.94	9.99	7.65	10.01	1.45	1.43	0.90	0.81	0.99	0.60	−0.03
	S-13	0.50	13.13	6.34	1.73	0.18	4.09	8.89	6.87	8.67	1.40	1.27	0.91	0.80	1.00	0.59	−0.03
太原组	T-1	0.50	14.45	6.07	1.81	0.19	3.92	9.79	7.47	9.83	1.47	1.40	0.90	0.73	0.99	0.54	−0.03
	T-2	0.51	14.21	6.42	1.91	0.18	4.14	9.63	7.20	9.83	1.54	1.38	0.90	0.79	0.98	0.59	−0.04
	T-3	0.53	15.28	7.13	1.81	0.17	4.60	10.35	7.49	10.36	1.46	1.48	0.88	0.71	0.96	0.53	−0.05
	T-4	0.51	19.57	6.67	2.49	0.17	4.30	13.26	10.04	13.36	2.01	1.90	0.90	1.00	0.99	0.74	−0.03
	T-5	0.55	15.74	7.62	1.73	0.17	4.92	10.66	7.47	10.27	1.40	1.52	0.89	0.99	0.97	0.74	−0.06
	T-6	0.55	16.57	7.96	1.78	0.16	5.13	11.23	7.82	11.44	1.44	1.61	0.87	0.89	0.95	0.66	−0.06
本溪组	B-1	0.38	1.36	2.53	0.68	0.32	1.63	0.92	0.93	0.91	0.55	0.13	1.07	0.99	1.17	0.73	0.06
	B-2	0.13	2.91	1.92	0.90	0.20	1.24	1.97	6.02	1.93	0.72	0.28	2.27	0.57	2.49	0.43	0.44
	B-3	0.42	8.19	4.41	1.29	0.25	2.84	5.55	5.06	5.39	1.05	0.79	1.13	1.13	1.23	0.84	0.05
注：表中数据单位为10⁻⁶；N表示采用球粒陨石标准化（据Boynton, 1984），S表示采用北美页岩标准化（据Haskin等,1968），P表示采用PAAS标准化（据McLenenan, 1989）；δCe=Ce_N/（La_N×Pr_N）^1/2；δEu=Eu_N/（Sm_N×Gd_N）^1/2；δCe_anom=lg[3Ce_N/（2La_N+ωNd_N）]。

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