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基于岩石物理模拟与声学实验识别孔隙—裂隙充填型水合物

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景鹏飞, 胡高伟, 卜庆涛, 陈杰, 万义钊, 毛佩筱. 基于岩石物理模拟与声学实验识别孔隙—裂隙充填型水合物[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2020, 40(6): 208-218. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019122501
引用本文: 景鹏飞, 胡高伟, 卜庆涛, 陈杰, 万义钊, 毛佩筱. 基于岩石物理模拟与声学实验识别孔隙—裂隙充填型水合物[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2020, 40(6): 208-218. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019122501
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JING Pengfei, HU Gaowei, BU Qingtao, CHEN Jie, WAN Yizhao, MAO Peixiao. Identification of pore-filling and fracture-filling hydrate by petrophysical simulation and acoustic experiment[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(6): 208-218. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019122501
Citation: JING Pengfei, HU Gaowei, BU Qingtao, CHEN Jie, WAN Yizhao, MAO Peixiao. Identification of pore-filling and fracture-filling hydrate by petrophysical simulation and acoustic experiment[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(6): 208-218. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019122501
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基于岩石物理模拟与声学实验识别孔隙—裂隙充填型水合物

  • 1.

    自然资源部天然气水合物重点实验室，中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所，青岛 266071

  • 2.

    中国地质科学院，北京 100037

  • 3.

    海洋国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室，青岛 266071

  • 基金项目: 国家实验室开放基金“南海北部水合物多分支孔降压开采方法研究”（QNLM2016ORP0207）；国家重点研发计划项目“水合物试采目标综合评价技术应用示范”（2017YFC0307602）；国家自然科学基金 “南海富含有孔虫沉积物中水合物形成及其声学响应机理研究”（41474119），“裂隙充填型水合物声学响应机理研究”（41906067）；中国博士后科学基金“甲烷通量对南海沉积物中水合物形成及声学特性影响研究”（2018M632634）；山东省自然科学基金“基于声学-CT联合探测的水合物分解及其声学响应机理研究”（ZR2019BD051）；山东省博士后创新项目“裂隙充填型天然气水合物声学响应研究”（201902050）
详细信息
    作者简介: 景鹏飞（1994—），男，硕士研究生，从事天然气水合物地球物理研究，E-mail: jingpf1994@163.com
    通讯作者: 胡高伟（1982—），男，博士，副研究员，从事天然气水合物岩石物理与开采基础研究，E-mail: hgw-623@163.com

  • 中图分类号: P738

Identification of pore-filling and fracture-filling hydrate by petrophysical simulation and acoustic experiment

  • 1.

    Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China

  • 2.

    Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

  • 3.

    Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China

More Information

    摘要

  • 孔隙充填和裂隙充填是自然界中水合物赋存的两种基本形态，其类型判别对储量评价、钻井安全以及环境评估均具有重要影响。本文模拟南海孔隙充填和裂隙充填两种类型水合物储层，利用岩石物理模型和声学模拟实验获取声波速度和密度，对两种类型的识别方法进行了探索。结果显示，孔隙充填和裂隙充填型水合物沉积体系的纵波速度都随水合物体积分数的增大而增大，密度都随水合物体积分数增大而减小。将速度与密度参数结合计算两种类型水合物阻抗和 < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M5.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M4.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M3.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M2.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > 属性表明：对于含孔隙充填型水合物沉积体系的 < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M5.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M4.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M3.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M2.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > 属性，岩石物理模拟的计算结果与实验结果斜率均为正；而对于含裂隙充填型水合物沉积物的 < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M5.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M4.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M3.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M2.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > 属性，其斜率均为负。但当水合物体积分数小于40%时，含裂隙充填型水合物沉积物的理论计算结果与实验值存在偏差，因此，在计算低体积分数水合物的 < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M5.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M4.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M3.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M2.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > 属性时，需要对模型进行适当修正。本文利用 < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M5.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M4.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M3.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M2.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M1.png'/ > 属性对GMGS2航次16井赋存的孔隙充填和裂隙充填型水合物进行了验证，结果表明井中上部分赋存的水合物以裂隙充填型为主，底部以孔隙充填型为主，验证结果与实际钻探结果一致，表明该方法用于识别水合物类型是可行的。

    Pore-filling and fracture-filling are two of the basic occurrences of natural gas hydrates in nature. To discriminate the type of gas hydrate is critically important for resource assessment, drilling safety and environment evaluation. In this paper, simulation experiment was carried out for the pore-filling and fracture-filling hydrate reservoirs in the South China Sea. The acoustic velocity and density of the two kinds of hydrate are obtained by petrophysical simulation and acoustic experiment simulation. The results suggest that the P wave velocity of the depositional mediums containing pore-filling and fracture-filling hydrate tends to increase with the volume fraction of hydrate, while the density decreases. Furthermore, we tested the impedance and the < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M10.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M9.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M8.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M7.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > property of the two types of hydrate by combining velocity and density parameters together. The results also show that for the pore-filling hydrates, the properties of < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M10.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M9.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M8.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M7.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > calculated by the petrophysical models and experimental < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M10.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M9.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M8.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M7.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > both show positive slope, while The < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M10.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M9.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M8.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M7.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > property of the fracture-filling hydrate shows negative slope. However, the differences between the model and experiment results of fracture-filling hydrate are obvious when the volume fraction of gas hydrate is less than 40%. It means that the petrophysical for fracture-filling hydrate needs to be further improved. In addition, pore-filling and fracture-filling hydrate in GMGS2-16 Site has been verified by the property of < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M10.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M9.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M8.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M7.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2019122501_M6.png'/ > . The results show that the hydrate in the upper part of the well is mainly fracture-filling hydrate, as the bottom dominated by pore-filling hydrate. The verification has been confirmed by actual drilling results.

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  • 图 1  裂隙充填型水合物的类型[20]

    Figure 1. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 2  EMT、BGTL、STPE模型计算的含孔隙充填型水合物的密度

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  EMT、BGTL、STPE模型计算的含孔隙充填型水合物的纵波速度

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  裂隙充填型水合物端元模型[23]

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  横向各向同性理论计算的含裂隙充填型水合物的密度和纵波速度

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  天然气水合物声学模拟实验装置

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  南海沉积物中孔隙充填型水合物的纵波速度和密度

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  裂隙充填型水合物合成实验装置

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  岩心夹持测试波速装置

    Figure 9. 

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    图 10  含裂隙充填型水合物的南海沉积介质的密度与纵波速度

    Figure 10. 

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    图 11  岩石物理模拟和实验测试的纵波速度

    Figure 11. 

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    图 12  岩石物理模拟和实验测试的孔隙充填型和裂隙充填型水合物的阻抗

    Figure 12. 

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    图 13  岩石物理模拟和实验测试的孔隙充填型和裂隙充填型水合物的$\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$属性

    Figure 13. 

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    图 14  GMGS2-16井上部含裂隙充填型水合物储层$\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$属性差值结果

    Figure 14. 

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    图 15  GMGS2-16井下部含孔隙充填型水合物储层$\rho {\sqrt V _{\rm{p}}}$属性差值结果

    Figure 15. 

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    图 A-1  水合物在沉积物中的3种赋存形态

    Figure A-1. 

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    表 1  南海泥质黏土的体积模量（K）、剪切模量（G）、密度（ρ）和含量（C）[22]

    Table 1.  The bulk modulus （K）, shear modulus （G）, density （ρ） and content （C） of the silty clay in the South China Sea [22]

    沉积物组分K/GPaG/GPaρ/（g/cm3）C/%
    方解石76.8322.7114
    石英36.6452.6528
    长石76262.7112
    云母62412.6826
    黏土20.96.852.5820
    水合物5.62.40.9−
    水2.501.03−
    下载: 导出CSV
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