Grain size distribution of surface sediments in the area off southeast Hainan Island and its implications for environmental interpretation
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摘要:
对海南岛东南浅海377组表层沉积物样品（平均水深112.3 m）开展粒度测定及沉积物类型划分，并运用统计规律及沉积输运趋势分析，探讨了底质沉积物分布格局与物质来源及沉积动力环境关系。结果表明，海南岛东南浅海沉积物类型复杂，共分布13种沉积物类型，粒度组成以粉砂和砂为主，平均粒径均值为5.73Φ，优势粒级为细粉砂级（6～8Φ），分选差。不同海域沉积物粒径差异明显，北部近岸以含砾沉积为主，中部呈NE-SW向的砂质沉积区（水深80～120 m），西南近岸滨海、北中部海域以及东南部海域多为粉砂、黏土沉积。结合地理位置、沉积物源及水动力条件差异，研究区划分为3个沉积区：I区主要以含砾粗颗粒沉积为主，受控于海南岛上径流及强风浪作用，物质来源以万泉河等河流输运及岸线侵蚀物质为主，强动力(高能)沉积环境；II区以砂沉积为主，受到表层流及风浪等共同影响，可能主要是残留滨海沉积混入了海南岛径流及岸线侵蚀、少量珠江流域及外海复杂来源等现代细粒物质的混合沉积，中等动力沉积环境；III区以细粒沉积为主，主要受华南近岸流、风浪作用及南海暖流影响，推测物质来源主要为海南岛河流输入、岸线侵蚀及复杂外海来源细粒物质的加入，弱动力（低能）沉积环境。
Abstract:377 surface sediment samples from the sea area off the southeast of Hainan Island are analyzed for grain size distribution and sediment classification. Using the multivariate statistical method in addition to transportation trend analysis, the relationship between the grain size distribution patterns and their bearing on source and hydrodynamic conditions is discussed. There are 13 types of sediments in the study area. Sediments are mainly composed of silt and sand and dominated by fine silt (6～8Φ), with a Mz value of 5.73Φ and poor sorting. Obvious differences in sediment grain size are observed in different sea areas. Gravel-bearing sediments occur mainly in the north coast; sandy sediments are distributed in the middle of the study area in a NE-SW direction within a water depth of 80～120 m; and silt and clay sediments in the southwest coast, the north central sea area and the southeast sea area. Based on the differences in geographic locations, sediment sources and hydrodynamic conditions, the study area is divided into three sedimentary districts. The District I is dominated by gravel-bearing coarse-grained sediments, which are mainly formed by runoff and strong wind waves along the Hainan Island. Sediments are sourced from coastal erosion and local rivers such as the Wanquan River and deposited in strong dynamic environments; The District II is dominated by sandy sediments formed by the mixed relict and coastal deposits under the joint action of surface currents, wind wave. runoff and coastal erosion. A small amount of fine-grained materials may come from the Pearl River Basin and other offshore complex sources. The District III is dominated by fine-grained sediments, affected mainly by coastal currents, wind waves and South China Sea warm currents. It is assumed that most of the sediments in this region are sourced from river input, coastal erosion and some fine-grained materials from complex offshore sources by weak hydrodynamic.
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表 1 海南岛东南浅海表层沉积物粒级组成及粒度参数
Table 1. Grain size parameters of surface sediments in the southeast of Hainan island
粒级/Φ 全区（n=377） I区（n=36） II区（n=101） III区（n=240） 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 ＜−2 28.39 0.00 0.81 28.39 1.80 7.42 10.93 0.00 0.30 2.83 0.00 0.03 –2～−1 29.98 0.00 1.02 29.98 4.56 9.28 6.95 0.00 0.35 4.97 0.00 0.06 −1～0 46.24 0.00 1.68 46.24 3.48 14.64 12.75 0.00 0.75 6.02 0.00 0.12 0～1 34.77 0.00 2.59 34.77 5.41 18.12 12.55 0.00 2.61 9.79 0.00 0.25 1～2 40.81 0.00 4.92 40.81 2.06 15.53 32.09 1.07 10.24 14.91 0.00 1.09 2～3 43.26 0.00 8.67 18.93 0.15 4.98 43.26 8.20 22.24 12.66 0.00 3.51 3～4 29.29 0.04 7.62 13.96 0.13 3.71 29.29 3.25 13.29 18.18 0.04 5.82 4～5 21.71 0.24 6.71 12.78 0.24 3.52 14.57 1.16 4.84 21.71 1.67 7.97 5～6 25.48 0.00 11.09 8.28 0.00 3.65 11.31 0.00 6.83 25.48 7.55 14.00 6～7 27.25 0.00 15.96 10.87 0.00 5.20 17.29 0.00 10.18 27.25 11.35 20.00 7～8 29.38 0.00 16.82 11.74 0.00 5.66 19.92 0.00 11.76 29.38 10.08 20.63 8～9 21.78 0.00 11.93 9.32 0.00 4.37 15.66 0.00 8.83 21.78 4.86 14.37 9～10 10.88 0.00 5.78 4.84 0.00 2.27 7.92 0.00 4.29 10.88 1.77 6.94 ＞10 9.26 0.00 4.41 3.50 0.00 1.67 6.39 0.00 3.48 9.26 1.46 5.21 砾石 45.33 0.00 1.83 45.33 6.37 16.70 12.55 0.00 0.64 6.69 0.00 0.09 砂 92.8 0.04 25.47 92.80 24.64 56.97 89.90 20.17 49.14 43.12 0.04 10.78 粉砂 76.04 0.24 50.58 36.31 0.24 18.03 53.52 6.63 33.61 76.04 38.27 62.60 黏土 37.86 0.00 22.12 17.36 0.00 8.30 29.31 0.00 16.59 37.86 8.09 26.52 Mz 7.83 −0.67 5.73 3.75 −0.67 1.97 6.23 2.35 4.77 7.83 4.40 6.69 si 6.39 0.91 2.32 6.39 0.91 3.25 3.77 1.42 2.61 3.50 1.42 2.05 Ski 0.73 −0.25 0.06 0.55 −0.23 0.26 0.73 −0.22 0.21 0.31 −0.25 −0.03 Kg 2.23 0.64 0.97 2.03 0.66 1.05 2.23 0.64 0.91 1.18 0.69 0.98 Md 7.83 −0.75 5.63 4.11 −0.75 1.33 6.72 2.24 4.46 7.83 4.61 6.77 
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表 2 海南岛东南浅海各沉积类型及粒度参数特征
Table 2. Characteristics of grain size parameters of various types of sediments in the southeast of Hainan island
沉积类型 所占比例/% Mz Md Si Ski Kg 1 砂质粉砂（sZ） 26.79（n=101） 6.15 6.27 2.29 −0.04 0.90 2 粉砂（Z） 26.53（n=100） 6.98 6.96 1.77 0.03 1.00 3 砂质泥（sM） 18.04（n=68） 6.24 6.43 2.46 −0.07 0.87 4 砾质泥质砂（gmS） 7.16（n=27） 2.33 1.43 3.46 0.35 1.08 5 泥质砂（mS） 6.37（n=24） 4.06 3.12 2.53 0.54 1.08 6 泥（M） 4.51（n=17） 7.20 7.23 1.92 −0.04 1.06 7 含砾泥（（g）M） 2.39（n=9） 4.56 4.49 3.09 0.03 0.78 8 砾质泥（gM） 3.39（n=9） 3.88 3.94 3.74 −0.02 0.79 9 粉砂质砂（zS） 2.39（n=9） 4.12 3.45 2.18 0.47 1.35 10 含砾泥质砂（（g）mS） 1.59（n=6） 3.37 2.74 2.74 0.27 1.10 11 砾质砂（gS） 1.06（n=4） 0.34 0.32 1.25 0.02 1.20 12 砂质砾（sG） 0.53（n=2） −0.65 −0.71 1.14 0.08 0.92 13 泥质砂质（msG） 0.27（n=1） 0.83 1.03 6.39 −0.18 1.25 总 100（n=377） 5.73 5.63 2.32 0.06 0.97
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