Grain size distribution of surface sediments in the area off southeast Hainan Island and its implications for environmental interpretation
-
摘要:
对海南岛东南浅海377组表层沉积物样品（平均水深112.3 m）开展粒度测定及沉积物类型划分，并运用统计规律及沉积输运趋势分析，探讨了底质沉积物分布格局与物质来源及沉积动力环境关系。结果表明，海南岛东南浅海沉积物类型复杂，共分布13种沉积物类型，粒度组成以粉砂和砂为主，平均粒径均值为5.73Φ，优势粒级为细粉砂级（6～8Φ），分选差。不同海域沉积物粒径差异明显，北部近岸以含砾沉积为主，中部呈NE-SW向的砂质沉积区（水深80～120 m），西南近岸滨海、北中部海域以及东南部海域多为粉砂、黏土沉积。结合地理位置、沉积物源及水动力条件差异，研究区划分为3个沉积区：I区主要以含砾粗颗粒沉积为主，受控于海南岛上径流及强风浪作用，物质来源以万泉河等河流输运及岸线侵蚀物质为主，强动力(高能)沉积环境；II区以砂沉积为主，受到表层流及风浪等共同影响，可能主要是残留滨海沉积混入了海南岛径流及岸线侵蚀、少量珠江流域及外海复杂来源等现代细粒物质的混合沉积，中等动力沉积环境；III区以细粒沉积为主，主要受华南近岸流、风浪作用及南海暖流影响，推测物质来源主要为海南岛河流输入、岸线侵蚀及复杂外海来源细粒物质的加入，弱动力（低能）沉积环境。
Abstract:377 surface sediment samples from the sea area off the southeast of Hainan Island are analyzed for grain size distribution and sediment classification. Using the multivariate statistical method in addition to transportation trend analysis, the relationship between the grain size distribution patterns and their bearing on source and hydrodynamic conditions is discussed. There are 13 types of sediments in the study area. Sediments are mainly composed of silt and sand and dominated by fine silt (6～8Φ), with a Mz value of 5.73Φ and poor sorting. Obvious differences in sediment grain size are observed in different sea areas. Gravel-bearing sediments occur mainly in the north coast; sandy sediments are distributed in the middle of the study area in a NE-SW direction within a water depth of 80～120 m; and silt and clay sediments in the southwest coast, the north central sea area and the southeast sea area. Based on the differences in geographic locations, sediment sources and hydrodynamic conditions, the study area is divided into three sedimentary districts. The District I is dominated by gravel-bearing coarse-grained sediments, which are mainly formed by runoff and strong wind waves along the Hainan Island. Sediments are sourced from coastal erosion and local rivers such as the Wanquan River and deposited in strong dynamic environments; The District II is dominated by sandy sediments formed by the mixed relict and coastal deposits under the joint action of surface currents, wind wave. runoff and coastal erosion. A small amount of fine-grained materials may come from the Pearl River Basin and other offshore complex sources. The District III is dominated by fine-grained sediments, affected mainly by coastal currents, wind waves and South China Sea warm currents. It is assumed that most of the sediments in this region are sourced from river input, coastal erosion and some fine-grained materials from complex offshore sources by weak hydrodynamic.
-
-
表 1 海南岛东南浅海表层沉积物粒级组成及粒度参数
Table 1. Grain size parameters of surface sediments in the southeast of Hainan island
粒级/Φ 全区（n=377） I区（n=36） II区（n=101） III区（n=240） 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 ＜−2 28.39 0.00 0.81 28.39 1.80 7.42 10.93 0.00 0.30 2.83 0.00 0.03 –2～−1 29.98 0.00 1.02 29.98 4.56 9.28 6.95 0.00 0.35 4.97 0.00 0.06 −1～0 46.24 0.00 1.68 46.24 3.48 14.64 12.75 0.00 0.75 6.02 0.00 0.12 0～1 34.77 0.00 2.59 34.77 5.41 18.12 12.55 0.00 2.61 9.79 0.00 0.25 1～2 40.81 0.00 4.92 40.81 2.06 15.53 32.09 1.07 10.24 14.91 0.00 1.09 2～3 43.26 0.00 8.67 18.93 0.15 4.98 43.26 8.20 22.24 12.66 0.00 3.51 3～4 29.29 0.04 7.62 13.96 0.13 3.71 29.29 3.25 13.29 18.18 0.04 5.82 4～5 21.71 0.24 6.71 12.78 0.24 3.52 14.57 1.16 4.84 21.71 1.67 7.97 5～6 25.48 0.00 11.09 8.28 0.00 3.65 11.31 0.00 6.83 25.48 7.55 14.00 6～7 27.25 0.00 15.96 10.87 0.00 5.20 17.29 0.00 10.18 27.25 11.35 20.00 7～8 29.38 0.00 16.82 11.74 0.00 5.66 19.92 0.00 11.76 29.38 10.08 20.63 8～9 21.78 0.00 11.93 9.32 0.00 4.37 15.66 0.00 8.83 21.78 4.86 14.37 9～10 10.88 0.00 5.78 4.84 0.00 2.27 7.92 0.00 4.29 10.88 1.77 6.94 ＞10 9.26 0.00 4.41 3.50 0.00 1.67 6.39 0.00 3.48 9.26 1.46 5.21 砾石 45.33 0.00 1.83 45.33 6.37 16.70 12.55 0.00 0.64 6.69 0.00 0.09 砂 92.8 0.04 25.47 92.80 24.64 56.97 89.90 20.17 49.14 43.12 0.04 10.78 粉砂 76.04 0.24 50.58 36.31 0.24 18.03 53.52 6.63 33.61 76.04 38.27 62.60 黏土 37.86 0.00 22.12 17.36 0.00 8.30 29.31 0.00 16.59 37.86 8.09 26.52 Mz 7.83 −0.67 5.73 3.75 −0.67 1.97 6.23 2.35 4.77 7.83 4.40 6.69 si 6.39 0.91 2.32 6.39 0.91 3.25 3.77 1.42 2.61 3.50 1.42 2.05 Ski 0.73 −0.25 0.06 0.55 −0.23 0.26 0.73 −0.22 0.21 0.31 −0.25 −0.03 Kg 2.23 0.64 0.97 2.03 0.66 1.05 2.23 0.64 0.91 1.18 0.69 0.98 Md 7.83 −0.75 5.63 4.11 −0.75 1.33 6.72 2.24 4.46 7.83 4.61 6.77 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 海南岛东南浅海各沉积类型及粒度参数特征
Table 2. Characteristics of grain size parameters of various types of sediments in the southeast of Hainan island
沉积类型 所占比例/% Mz Md Si Ski Kg 1 砂质粉砂（sZ） 26.79（n=101） 6.15 6.27 2.29 −0.04 0.90 2 粉砂（Z） 26.53（n=100） 6.98 6.96 1.77 0.03 1.00 3 砂质泥（sM） 18.04（n=68） 6.24 6.43 2.46 −0.07 0.87 4 砾质泥质砂（gmS） 7.16（n=27） 2.33 1.43 3.46 0.35 1.08 5 泥质砂（mS） 6.37（n=24） 4.06 3.12 2.53 0.54 1.08 6 泥（M） 4.51（n=17） 7.20 7.23 1.92 −0.04 1.06 7 含砾泥（（g）M） 2.39（n=9） 4.56 4.49 3.09 0.03 0.78 8 砾质泥（gM） 3.39（n=9） 3.88 3.94 3.74 −0.02 0.79 9 粉砂质砂（zS） 2.39（n=9） 4.12 3.45 2.18 0.47 1.35 10 含砾泥质砂（（g）mS） 1.59（n=6） 3.37 2.74 2.74 0.27 1.10 11 砾质砂（gS） 1.06（n=4） 0.34 0.32 1.25 0.02 1.20 12 砂质砾（sG） 0.53（n=2） −0.65 −0.71 1.14 0.08 0.92 13 泥质砂质（msG） 0.27（n=1） 0.83 1.03 6.39 −0.18 1.25 总 100（n=377） 5.73 5.63 2.32 0.06 0.97
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Brooks G R, Doyle L J, Davis R A, et al. Patterns and controls of surface sediment distribution: West-central Florida inner shelf [J]. Marine Geology, 2003, 200(1-4): 307-324. doi: 10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00189-0
[2] De Falco G, Molinaroli E, Baroli M, et al. Grain size and compositional trends of sediments from Posidonia oceanica meadows to beach shore, Sardinia, western Mediterranean [J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2003, 58(2): 299-309. doi: 10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00082-9
[3] 杨守业, 李从先. 元素地球化学特征的多元统计方法研究: 长江与黄河沉积物元素地球化学研究[J]. 矿物岩石, 1999, 19(1):63-67
YANG Shouye, LI Congxian. Multiple statistic study of element geochemical characteristics element geochemical study on the Changjiang and Huanghe sediments [J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 1999, 19(1): 63-67.
[4] 王秀红. 多元统计分析在分区研究中的应用[J]. 地理科学, 2003, 23(1):66-71 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2003.01.012
WANG Xiuhong. Application of multivariate statistical analysis in regionalization study [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2003, 23(1): 66-71. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2003.01.012
[5] 徐志伟, 汪亚平, 李炎, 等. 多元统计及物源分析支持的北部湾东部海域沉积物输运趋势[J]. 海洋学报, 2010, 32(3):67-78
XU Zhiwei, WANG Yaping, LI Yan, et al. Sediment transport patterns in the eastern Beibu Gulf based on grain-size multivariate statistics and provenance analysis [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2010, 32(3): 67-78.
[6] Gao S, Collins M B, Lanckneus J, et al. Grain size trends associated with net sediment transport patterns: An example from the Belgian continental shelf [J]. Marine Geology, 1994, 121(3-4): 171-185. doi: 10.1016/0025-3227(94)90029-9
[7] 张富元, 章伟艳, 张德玉, 等. 南海东部海域表层沉积物类型的研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2004, 26(5):94-105
ZHANG Fuyuan, ZHANG Weiyan, ZHANG Deyu, et al. Research on surface sediment types and distributions from the eastern South China Sea, China [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2004, 26(5): 94-105.
[8] Liu J G, Xiang R, Chen Z, et al. Sources, transport and deposition of surface sediments from the South China Sea [J]. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2013, 71: 92-102. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.09.006
[9] 高为利, 张富元, 章伟艳, 等. 海南岛周边海域表层沉积物粒度分布特征[J]. 海洋通报, 2009, 28(2):71-80 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6392.2009.02.011
GAO Weili, ZHANG Fuyuan, ZHANG Weiyan, et al. Characteristics of grain size distributions of surface sediments in the Hainan island Offshore area [J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2009, 28(2): 71-80. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6392.2009.02.011
[10] 李亮, 陈忠, 刘建国, 等. 南海北部表层沉积物类型及沉积环境区划[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2014, 33(1):54-61 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2014.01.007
LI Liang, CHEN Zhong, LIU Jianguo, et al. Distribution of surface sediment types and sedimentary environment divisions in the northern South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2014, 33(1): 54-61. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2014.01.007
[11] 赵利, 彭学超, 钟和贤, 等. 南海北部陆架区表层沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2016, 36(6):111-122
ZHAO Li, PENG Xuechao, ZHONG Hexian, et al. Characteristics of grain size distribution of surface sediments and depositional environments in the northern shelf region of the South China sea [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2016, 36(6): 111-122.
[12] 葛晨东, Slaymaker O, Pedersen T F. 海南岛万泉河口沉积环境演变[J]. 科学通报, 2003, 48(21):2357-2361 doi: 10.1360/03wd0152
GE Chendong, Slaymaker O, Pedersen T F. Change in the sedimentary environment of Wanquan river estuary, Hainan Island, China [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003, 48(21): 2357-2361. doi: 10.1360/03wd0152
[13] 张亮, 贾建军, 高建华, 等. 海南博鳌海域的沉积物输运趋势与沉积速率[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2011, 30(2):123-130 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2011.02.018
ZHANG Liang, JIA Jianjun, GAO Jianhua, et al. Sediment transport and deposition rate along the Boao coast, Hainan Island [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2011, 30(2): 123-130. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2011.02.018
[14] 杨阳, 高抒, 周亮, 等. 海南新村港潟湖表层沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境[J]. 海洋学报, 2016, 38(1):94-105
YANG Yang, GAO Shu, ZHOU Liang, et al. Grain size distribution of surface sediments and sedimentary environment in the lagoon of Xincun, Hainan Island [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2016, 38(1): 94-105.
[15] 陈泓君, 彭学超, 朱本铎, 等. 南海1: 100万海南岛幅海洋区域地质调查与编图成果综述[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2014, 34(6):87-100
CHEN Hongjun, PENG Xuechao, ZHU Benduo, et al. A brief review of 1: 1000000 marine geological survey and mapping results of the Hainan sheet in the south china sea [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2014, 34(6): 87-100.
[16] 殷勇, 朱大奎, 唐文武, 等. 博鳌地区沙坝-泻湖沉积及探地雷达的应用[J]. 地理学报, 2002, 57(3):301-309 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2002.03.006
YIN Yong, ZHU Dakui, TANG Wenwu, et al. On barrier-lagoon development and GPR application in BOAO area [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002, 57(3): 301-309. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2002.03.006
[17] Folk R L, Andrews P B, Lewis D W. Detrital sedimentary rock classification and nomenclature for use in New Zealand [J]. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1970, 13(4): 937-968. doi: 10.1080/00288306.1970.10418211
[18] Friedman G M. Address of the retiring president of the international association of sedimentologists: difference in size distributions of populations of particles among sands from various origins [J]. Sedimentology, 1979, 26(1): 3-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1979.tb00336.x
[19] 金秉福. 粒度分析中偏度系数的影响因素及其意义[J]. 海洋科学, 2012, 36(2):129-135
JIN Bingfu. Influencing factors and significance of the skewness coefficient in grain size analysis [J]. Marine Sciences, 2012, 36(2): 129-135.
[20] 程鹏, 高抒. 北黄海西部海底沉积物的粒度特征和净输运趋势[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2000, 31(6):604-615 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2000.06.004
CHENG Peng, GAO Shu. Net sediment transport patterns over the Northwestern Yellow Sea, based upon grain size trend analysis [J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2000, 31(6): 604-615. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2000.06.004
[21] 乔淑卿, 石学法, 王国庆, 等. 渤海底质沉积物粒度特征及输运趋势探讨[J]. 海洋学报, 2009, 32(4):139-147
QIAO Shuqing, SHI Xuefa, WANG Guoqing, et al. Discussion on grain-size characteristics of seafloor sediment and transport pattern in the Bohai Sea [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2009, 32(4): 139-147.
[22] 陈亮, 张玉芬, 李团结, 等. 琼州海峡及周边海域沉积环境及近万年以来沉积演化[J]. 地球科学—中国地质大学学报, 2014, 39(6):696-704 doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.065
CHEN Liang, ZHANG Yufen, LI Tuanjie, et al. Sedimentary environment and its evolution of Qiongzhou Strait and nearby seas since last ten thousand years [J]. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2014, 39(6): 696-704. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.065
[23] Liu J G, Xiang R, Chen M H, et al. Influence of the Kuroshio current intrusion on depositional environment in the Northern South China Sea: Evidence from surface sediment records [J]. Marine Geology, 2011, 285(1-4): 59-68. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2011.05.010
[24] 许冬. 海南岛近海沉积地球化学研究[D]. 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所硕士学位论文, 2007.
XU Dong. The research of sedimentary geochemistry of the Hainan Island Nearshore sea area[D]. Master Dissertation of Second Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration, 2007.
[25] Zhang J, Wang D R, Jennerjahn T, et al. Land-sea interactions at the east coast of Hainan Island, South China Sea: A synthesis [J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2013, 57: 132-142. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2013.01.004
[26] 闫慧梅. 南海北部陆架区沉积物来源及其输运机制[D]. 中国石油大学(华东)硕士学位论文, 2016.
YAN Huimei. Sediments sources and transportation from the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea[D]. Master Dissertation of China University of Petroleum (East China), 2016.
[27] 徐方建, 陈世悦, 操应长, 等. 近4400年来南海北部陆架沉积地球化学记录及其地质意义[J]. 沉积学报, 2010, 28(6):1198-1205
XU Fangjian, CHEN Shiyue, CAO Yingchang, et al. Geochemical records and geological significance of the continental shelf sediments in the northern South China Sea since 4400a [J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2010, 28(6): 1198-1205.
[28] 赵建如. 南海西北部表层沉积物元素地球化学空间多尺度变化与机制研究[D]. 中国地质大学(北京)博士学位论文, 2016.
ZHAO Jianru. Elements geochemistry spatial multiscale variability of surface sediments and its mechanism in northwest of the South China Sea[D]. Doctor Dissertation of China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2016.
[29] 谭文华. 海南岛周边海域底质碎屑矿物分布及其物源分析[D]. 中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文, 2007.
TAN Wenhua. Study on the distribution and origin of the seafloor detrital minerals in the offshore water of Haian Island[D]. Master Dissertation of China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2007.
[30] 周渭. 海南岛近海表层沉积物中辉石与角闪石的成因及物源研究[D]. 中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文, 2007.
ZHOU Wei. Study on the geneses and sources of pyroxene and amphibole in the offshore sediments around Haian Island[D]. Master Dissertation of China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2007.
[31] 吴敏. 海南岛周边海域环境变化的粘土矿物学研究[D]. 中国地质大学(北京)博士学位论文, 2007.
WU Min. Clay mineralogical study on environmental change of Hainan Island offshore[D]. Doctor Dissertation of China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2007.
[32] 田成静, 欧阳婷萍, 朱照宇, 等. 海南岛周边海域表层沉积物磁化率空间分布特征及其物源指示意义[J]. 热带地理, 2013, 33(6):666-673
TIAN Chengjing, OUYANG Tingping, ZHU Zhaoyu, et al. Spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility and its provenance implication of surface sediments in the Sea areas around the Hainan island [J]. Tropical Geography, 2013, 33(6): 666-673.
[33] 刘昭蜀, 赵焕庭, 范时清. 南海地质[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002.
LIU Zhaoshu, ZHAO Huanting, FAN Shiqing. Geology of the South China Sea[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2002.
[34] 刘志飞, Trentesaux A, Clemens S C, et al. 南海北坡ODP1146站第四纪粘土矿物记录: 洋流搬运与东亚季风演化[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 2003, 46(12):1223-1235 doi: 10.1360/02yd0107
LIU Zhifei, Trentesaux A, Clemens S C, et al. Quaternary clay mineralogy in the northern South China Sea (ODP Site 1146) [J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2003, 46(12): 1223-1235. doi: 10.1360/02yd0107
[35] Fang G H, Fang W D, Fang Y, et al. A survey of studies on the South China Sea upper ocean circulation [J]. Acta Oceanographica Taiwanica, 1998, 37(1): 1-16.
-
图(7)
表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1959
- PDF下载数: 133
- 施引文献: 0