“Source to sink” analysis of a sea basin: The Quaternary deepwater turbidite fan system in Pearl River Valley-Northwest subbasin, Northern South China Sea
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摘要:
运用近年来采集的高分辨率地震资料和多波束测深数据，在珠江海谷及西北次海盆深海平原区发现大规模发育的第四纪重力流沉积体系，该沉积体系沿珠江海谷以北西-南南东方向贯穿整个北部陆坡，进入西北次海盆后呈扇形展开，形成珠江海谷-西北次海盆大型深水浊积扇系统。据沉积体系空间展布特征差异，将珠江海谷划分为北、中、南三段，北段为过路侵蚀和水道下切，中段以水道充填和天然堤沉积为主，南段以水道-天然堤和朵叶体沉积共存为特征，揭示出北部陆坡珠江海谷是珠江口外陆缘物质输送海盆深海平原的主要通道；海盆区总体以朵叶体发育为特色，呈扇形展布。深水扇系统可分为三期次沉积体，其区域结构记录了重力流沉积物从侵蚀、卸载到南海海盆作为限制性盆地接收陆源沉积物的全过程，为“源-渠-汇”的研究构建了一个完美的范例。本文以珠江海谷-西北次海盆第四纪深水浊积扇沉积体系为例，完整地揭示了水道-扇体的组构和特征，清晰呈现了陆坡-海盆砂体展布的规律，可为建立南海北部新近纪早期深水扇形成模式提供参考，有助于指导南海深水油气勘探工作。
Abstract:Using high resolution seismic profiles and multi-beam echo-sounding data acquired in recent years, a large complicated Quaternary deepwater gravity flow depositional system is identified in the Pearl River Valley (PRV) and Northwestern subbasin (NW subbasin) of the northern South China Sea (SCS). It runs through the whole continental slope along a channel in NW-SSE direction, discharged in the NW subbasin to form a deepwater turbidite fan system. Extending from the northern valley to the southern sea basin, it is more than 320 km long longitudinally. From the aerial view, the turbidite fan shows different features on continental slope and in sea basin. In the slope area, it may be divided into three sections, the north, middle and south sections respectively. The north section is mainly an incised channel under erosion. The middle section shows channel filling and natural levee, while the southern section is composed of the channel-levee complexes and lobes. In the NW subbasin, it is characterized by lobes with large scale of fan-shaped sand bodies, extending for 70 km towards the south direction. The Pearl River Valley, which goes through the continental slope of northern South China Sea, is the main passage for sediments to be transported from the continental margin into the abyssal plain. Vertically, the turbidite fan could be subdivided into three phases and the depocenters of the three phases are not consistent. The first phase of the fan or the oldest deposit is the largest in scale comparing to the other two. The three fans migrate along the slope, suggesting a retrogression towards continent owing to the rising of relative sea level during Quaternary. The regional pattern of the PRV-NW subbasin turbidite fan system has recorded a rather completed process for a gravity flow moving from continent erosion to sediment unloading and provided a perfect example for a “source-conduit-sink” system. This paper carefully described the system and has provided a reference for the depositional model of the deepwater fan in early Neogene in the northern South China Sea, which is significant to prospecting of deepwater oil and gas resources.
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