Distribution of lipid compounds in the sediments of the East Pacific Rise near 13°N and its implications for hydrothermal activity
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摘要:
深海热液区的热液物质喷发扩散会对周围海底的沉积物产生影响，研究沉积物中类脂物有助于进一步了解热液活动对其产生的影响。对东太平洋海隆西翼13°N附近E271和E272站位沉积物中的正构烷烃和脂肪酸进行了气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析。在两个站位的沉积物中检测到链长C11—C35的正构烷烃，其以双峰型分布为主，其中短链烷烃和长链烷烃分别指示了海洋细菌等微生物、陆源高等植物和热液物质的输入，且陆源输入主要来自大气输送的美洲物质。进一步，通过分析沉积物中正构烷烃的含量及组成，结果表明E272站位的沉积物经历了早期成岩作用。在两站位的沉积物中均检测到32种脂肪酸，其链长为C8—C24不等，总脂肪酸含量分别为93.55和50.71～87.05 μg/g。同时，通过探讨沉积物中特征脂肪酸的组成和分布证实其受到了热液活动的影响。
Abstract:The eruption and diffusion of hydrothermal materials will affect the surrounding sediments, and the study on the lipid in the sediments affected by hydrothermal activity is helpful to understand the influence of hydrothermal activity on sediments. In this research, N-alkanes and fatty acids in the sediments from E271 and E272 stations on the west flank of the East Pacific Rise near 13°N are analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). C11—C35 N-alkanes, which are mainly distributed in a bimodal pattern, are detected in the sediments, in which short-chain alkanes and long-chain alkanes indicate the inputs of marine bacteria, terrestrial higher plants and materials from hydrothermal activities, respectively. Terrestrial materials are mainly from the American continent transported by wind. Furthermore, the composition and distribution of n-alkanes in the sediments suggest that the sediments of E272 station have experienced early diagenesis. 32 types of fatty acids are detected in the sediments from the stations of E271 and E272, which ranged from C8 to C24, and the total fatty acid contents of the two stations are 93.55 and 50.71～87.05 μg/g, respectively. The composition and distribution of characteristic fatty acids in the sediments exhibit the characteristics of hydrothermal input, indicating that the sediments have been affected by hydrothermal activities.
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Key words:
- N-alkanes /
- fatty acids /
- diagenesis /
- hydrothermal activity
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表 1 沉积物中正构烷烃的参数
Table 1. Parameters of n-alkanes in sediments
正构烷烃参数 计算方法 指示意义 CPI[32]（碳优势指数） CPI1=1/2（ΣC17～21（奇）/ΣC16～20（偶）+ΣC17～21（奇）/ΣC18～22（偶）） CPI1、CPI2、CPI分别指示前峰群、后峰群和整体正构烷烃的碳优势，进一步指示沉积物质来源。 CPI2=1/2（ΣC29～35（奇）/ΣC28～34（偶）+ΣC29～35（奇）/ΣC30～36（偶）） CPI=1/2（ΣC17～35（奇）/ΣC16～34（偶）+ΣC17～35（奇）/ΣC18～36（偶）） ACL[18-20]（平均链长） ACL=（Σ[Cj]×i）/（Σ[Ci]） 反映一定碳数范围内正构烷烃含量分布集中的碳数链长，指示陆源与海源的相对输入情况。 ΣT/ΣM[33] ΣT/ΣM=ΣC25～35/ΣC15～21 消除粒度和沉积速率的影响，指示陆源相对于海源的输入情况。 
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表 2 沉积物中正构烷烃和脂肪酸的参数
Table 2. Parameters of n-alkanes and fatty acids in sediments
样品编号 正构烷烃（ALK） 脂肪酸（FA） TALK/ (μg/g) CPI1 CPI2 CPI ACL ΣT/ΣM TFA/ (μg/g) SFA/% MUFA/% PUFA/% C22:1n9/% E271 2.21 0.97 1.29 0.72 29.64 4.18 93.55 50.59 36.62 12.78 29.02 E272-1 1.85 0.88 2.09 1.02 27.03 3.77 59.71 52.13 36.90 10.97 27.79 E272-2 1.10 0.72 1.90 0.93 25.21 2.03 58.68 53.04 35.69 11.27 32.38 E272-3 2.95 0.68 1.66 0.81 29.62 3.21 58.63 47.46 40.77 11.77 15.39 E272-4 1.39 0.85 2.17 1.67 25.31 1.88 87.05 68.98 21.54 9.48 19.31 E272-5 1.77 0.84 0.47 0.38 25.95 1.92 75.38 63.55 26.07 10.38 32.25 E272-6 1.69 0.73 1.45 1.16 24.06 1.14 85.18 50.30 39.05 10.65 32.27 E272-7 1.32 0.88 2.27 1.39 24.74 1.68 50.71 45.85 40.78 13.37 25.55 E272-8 0.85 1.00 2.88 1.55 24.32 1.90 55.12 56.07 33.25 10.68 23.06 E272-9 0.86 1.70 1.14 0.97 26.06 2.97 52.66 58.05 30.58 11.36 27.11 E272-10 1.24 1.14 0.72 1.09 26.42 2.53 63.65 54.45 34.69 10.85 17.11 E272-11 1.46 0.95 1.20 0.79 26.02 2.72 70.61 66.03 23.25 10.72 31.51 E272-12 2.03 0.74 0.97 0.79 25.69 2.05 69.46 50.27 39.30 10.44 34.74 E272-13 2.24 0.72 0.86 0.72 26.09 2.33 72.31 44.74 43.59 11.67 28.27 注：TALK：正构烷烃总含量；TFA：脂肪酸总含量；SFA：饱和脂肪酸；MUFA：单不饱和脂肪酸；PUFA：多不饱和脂肪酸。
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表 3 太平洋喷口流体、硫化物、生物和沉积物的总脂肪酸含量
Table 3. Total fatty acid contents in sediments, vent fluid, sulfide, and bacteria mat from the Pacific Ocean
地区 样品类型 总脂肪酸含量/(μg/g) 东太平洋海隆13°N热液区[15] 喷口流体 1.8～6.1，均值3.3 喷口水颗粒物 41.4～73.8 热液沉积物 1.14 洋脊附近4～40 km的沉积混合物 0.46～1.37 东太平洋赤道中部140°W[54] 表层沉积物 1.2～32.2 东太平洋北部胡安·德富卡洋脊[13,55] 热液喷口泥质沉积物磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA） 247 活动烟囱硫化物 2.21～4.07 中太平洋海隆175°E、15°S～48°N[41,56] 海底表层沉积物 1.82～23.8，均值7.93 西太平洋马努斯热液活动区[14] Calyptogena（热液区蛤）群落和白色菌席 131 菌席内部（靠近管状蠕虫群落） 184 西太平洋伊豆-小笠原热液活动区[14] 活动烟囱底部，菌席（无明显的生物群落） 13.2 菌席处（无明显生物群落） 42.2 西太平洋冲绳海槽Iheya海脊[14] 与死亡的Calyptogena群落相距20 m的地方 15.7
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