Characteristics of the recently bedrock hydrocarbon reservoir in China Seas and future exploration directions
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摘要:
基岩油气藏是一种特殊类型的油气藏。随着渤中19-6凝析气藏、永乐8-3-1基岩油气藏及渤中13-2油气田等取得重大突破，证实中国海域基岩油气藏具有巨大勘探潜力。截至目前，已在渤海盆地、北部湾盆地、琼东南盆地、珠江口盆地获得多个高产基岩油气田。中国海域基岩油气藏具有分布广泛、纵向层系多、岩性多、类型多样的特征，主要发育前寒武系变质岩和混合花岗岩、古生代碳酸盐岩、中生代火山岩以及花岗岩侵入体、中生代碎屑岩等4套储层，尤其以前寒武系变质岩和中生代花岗岩侵入体为主。研究表明基岩油气藏主要表现为新生古储，其形成主要受控于富烃凹陷、构造运动、储盖条件等多种控制因素的影响。在总结前人成果的基础上，指出了中国海域未来基岩油气藏勘探应重点关注6大勘探方向：渤海盆地残山，北黄海盆地东部坳陷东北部局部凸起，南黄海盆地凸起带，东海陆架盆地低凸起，北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷、珠江口盆地惠州凹陷和琼东南盆地松南低凸起，南海南部中建南盆地和万安盆地。
Abstract:Great breakthroughs have been made recently in the exploration of hydrocarbon in bedrock reservoirs in China Seas, such as the Bozhong 19-6 condensate gas reservoir, the Yongle 8-3-1 bedrock oil and gas reservoir and the Bozhong 13-2 oil and gas field, which prove that bedrock oil and gas reservoirs have great potential in offshore China. Up to now, many high-yield bedrock oil and gas fields have been found in the Bohai Basin, Beibu Gulf Basin, Qiongdongnan Basin and Pearl River Mouth Basin. The bedrock hydrocarbon reservoirs in China's sea areas are characterized by wide distribution, multiple layers in vertical sequence, changing lithology and multiple types. As observed, there are four sets of major reservoirs: the Precambrian metamorphic rocks and migmatitic granite, the Paleozoic carbonate rocks, the Mesozoic volcanic rocks and granite intrusions and the Mesozoic clastic sequences, among which the Precambrian metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic granite intrusions dominate. The bedrock oil and gas reservoir is the kind of bedrock reservoir filled by later generated hydrocarbons, and their formation is controlled by many factors, such as source rocks, tectonic activities, reservoir properties and sealing conditions. On the basis of previous researches, it is suggested that the future exploration of bedrock oil and gas reservoirs in China's sea areas should focus more on the following six aspects: the residual mountains in the Bohai basin; the local uplift in the northeast of the eastern depression of the North Yellow Sea Basin; the uplifting belt of the South Yellow Sea Basin; the low uplift in the East China Sea shelf basin; the Weixi 'nan Sag in the Beibu Gulf Basin, the Huizhou Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and the Songnan Low Uplift in Qiongdongnan Basin; and the Zhongjiannan Basin and Wan 'an Basin in the southern South China Sea.
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Table 1. World distribution characteristics of important basement rock hydrocarbon reservoirs
国家 构造位置 油气藏类型 油气田名称 盆地类型 地层时代 储层岩性 埃及 蔡特盆地 油藏 蔡特湾 裂陷盆地 ∈ 火成岩+变质岩 利比亚 苏尔特盆地 油藏 拿法拉-奥季拉 裂陷盆地 ∈ 花岗岩 中国 酒西盆地 油气藏 鸭儿峡 前陆盆地 S 变质岩 中国 下辽河盆地 油气藏 兴隆台 裂陷盆地 Ar 砾岩+花岗岩 中国 渤海湾盆地 油气藏 义和庄 裂陷盆地 O 石灰岩 中国 辽河盆地 油藏 东胜堡 裂陷盆地 Ar 变质岩 中国 渤海湾盆地 油气藏 任丘 裂陷盆地 Z 白云岩 中国 渤海湾盆地 油气藏 渤中19-6 裂陷盆地 Ar 变质岩 中国 渤海湾盆地 油气藏 渤中13-2 裂陷盆地 Ar 变质岩 中国 海拉尔盆地 油藏 布达特群 裂陷盆地 Ar 碎屑岩 中国 塔里木盆地 油气藏 轮南古隆起 克拉通盆地 O 碳酸盐岩 印度尼西亚 贾提巴朗盆地 油藏 贾提巴朗 弧后盆地 E 火成岩 印度尼西亚 巴里托盆地 油藏 丹戎 前陆盆地 E 火成岩+变质岩 越南 湄公河盆地 油气藏 白虎、龙 裂陷盆地 ∈ 花岗岩 越南 万安盆地 油藏 大熊 裂陷盆地 E 花岗岩 美国 洛杉矶盆地 油藏 爱迪生 走滑盆地 J 变质岩+火成岩 美国 堪萨斯隆起 油藏 克拉福特-普菩萨 中央隆起 ∈ 灰岩+石英岩 美国 堪萨斯隆起 油藏 林华尔 中央隆起 ∈ 石英岩 美国 洛杉矶盆地 油藏 威明顿 断陷盆地 J 片岩 委内瑞拉 拉波开波盆地 油藏 拉巴斯-马拉 前陆盆地 K 石灰岩 阿尔及利亚 三叠盆地 油藏 哈西迈萨乌德 裂陷盆地 ∈ 石英砂岩 
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基岩油气藏 构造 岩性 蓬莱9-1潜山油藏 庙西北凸起 中生界二长花岗岩 锦州25-2S潜山油藏 辽西北凸起 太古界二长片麻岩、
斜长片麻岩曹妃甸11-6潜山油藏 沙垒田凸起 混合化黑云母花岗岩 曹妃甸18-2潜山凝析气藏 沙垒田凸起 二长花岗岩 渤中26-2潜山凝析气藏 渤海凸起 英云闪长岩、
花岗闪长岩锦州20-2凝析气藏 辽西低凸起 混合岩、碎屑岩 渤中19-6凝析气藏 渤中凹陷 太古界变质岩 渤中13-2油气田 渤中凹陷 太古界变质岩 渤中28-1油气田 渤南凸起 古生界碳酸盐岩 岐口17-9油气田 岐口凹陷 碎屑岩 428W、428E油气田 石臼坨凸起 古生界碳酸盐岩 曹妃甸2-1油气田 沙垒田凸起 古生界碳酸盐岩 涠6-1、涠10-3N等油气田 涠西南凹陷 古生界碳酸盐岩 惠州26-6油气田 惠州凹陷 中生界花岗岩 永乐8-1油气田 松南低凸起 中生界花岗岩 大熊油田 万安盆地 中生界花岗岩
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