特提斯构造域海底流体逃逸活动特征及其控制因素

赵文宇; 童思友; 陈江欣; 刘斌; 杨睿; 杨力; 段旻良; 陈珊珊

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2021031602

特提斯构造域海底流体逃逸活动特征及其控制因素

1.
海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室，中国海洋大学，青岛 266100

2.
自然资源部天然气水合物重点实验室，中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所，青岛 266071

3.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室，青岛 266071

4.
自然资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室，中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局，广州 510760

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金“冷泉流体活动地貌产生机制及其活动性——以中建南盆地为例”（41606077）；泰山学者工程专项经费资助“海底地球流体地质与地球物理学”；青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室开放基金资助项目“海底流体逃逸活动的综合地球物理研究”（MMRKF201810）

详细信息

作者简介: 赵文宇（1995—），男，硕士，主要从事海洋地球物理学研究，E-mail：wenyu_zhao1@sina.com

通讯作者: 陈江欣（1987—），男，副研究员，主要从事海洋地球物理与地震海洋学研究，E-mail：jiangxin_chen@sina.com

中图分类号: P736.1

收稿日期: 2021-03-16

修回日期: 2021-05-20

刊出日期: 2021-12-28

Characteristics and controlling factors of submarine fluid escape in Tethys tectonic domain

1.
Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

2.
The Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China

3.
Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China

4.
Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, China

More Information

Corresponding author: CHEN Jiangxin, jiangxin_chen@sina.com

Received Date: 16 March 2021

Revised Date: 20 May 2021

Publish Date: 28 December 2021

摘要

摘要:
海底流体逃逸活动会显著地改变海底地形地貌，产生麻坑、泥火山等地貌和冷泉羽状流现象。特提斯构造域是世界上油气最集中的构造域，流体逃逸活动广泛发育，形成的复杂流体逸出结构，对海洋油气勘探、全球气候变化研究等方面具有较好指示作用。本文选取特提斯构造域主要海域，系统总结其海底流体逃逸活动特征，发现特提斯构造域海底流体逃逸活动多分布在被动大陆边缘和弧后裂谷盆地等地质背景中，其中地中海、黑海和南海广泛发育海底冷泉、麻坑和泥火山等流体逃逸特征，而波斯湾和澳大利亚西北部近海大量发育碳酸盐岩。海底流体逃逸活动主要受控于活动断裂、沉积物超压、地震活动、海平面变化、潮汐活动和海底滑坡等海洋与地质因素。在不同海域，流体来源也不尽相同（热成因、生物成因以及天然气水合物分解），大多数通过断层、泥火山和气烟囱等通道运移。建议重视对特提斯构造域海底流体逃逸活动发育区的调查和探测，深入分析与之相关的海底流体逃逸地貌发育机制，以及其特殊海域背景下的海洋与地质因素控制作用，总结建立其海底流体逃逸活动模式及相关理论。
- 特提斯 /
- 流体逃逸 /
- 天然气水合物 /
- 油气勘探 /
- 冷泉
Abstract:
Seabed fluid escape may significantly change the seafloor topography, resulting in some geomorphic features such as pockmarks, mud volcanoes and cold seep plumes. The Tethys tectonic domain, the most hydrocarbon-rich domain in the world, hosts substantial fluid escape-related structures that can act as good indicators for offshore hydrocarbon exploration and global climate changes. Based on previous researches of major sea areas in the Tethys tectonic domain, this paper systematically summarized the characteristics of the seabed fluid flow, which shows that the seabed fluid escape activities of the Tethys tectonic area are mostly distributed in passive continental margins and back-arc rift basins. Seafloor manifestations of fluid escape including submarine cold seeps, pockmarks and mud volcanoes, are widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the South China Sea, however, massive carbonate-related structures are the prominent seabed fluid escape features in the Persian Gulf and the northwestern shelf of Australia. Seabed fluid flow is a dynamic process in the Tethys tectonic domain. The main marine and geological factors controlling fluid escape include active faults, sediment overpressure, seismic activities, sea-level changes, tidal activities and seabed landslides. Fluids are sourced from different intervals (thermal, biogenesis, and natural gas hydrate decomposition) in different sea areas, and the migration of fluids is mostly through fault planes, mud volcanoes and gas chimneys to the seafloor. To summarize and establish the model and theory of seabed fluid escape, it is suggested that more attention should be paid to the investigation and detection of the development areas of the seabed fluid escape activities in the Tethys tectonic domain. Moreover, the further analysis of the mechanism of the fluid escape-related geomorphic features, as well as the marine and geological controls in the special oceanic regions will provide basic support for the subsequent research.
- Tethys /
- fluid escape /
- gas hydrate /
- oil and gas exploration /
- cold seep

HTML全文

图 1 特提斯构造域展布范围

Figure 1.

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图 2 海底流体逃逸特征

Figure 2.

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图 3 地中海及周边地区的构造背景和海底流体逃逸特征分布^{[52, 69-70, 103, 107]}

Figure 3.

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图 4 黑海及周边地区的构造背景和海底流体逃逸特征分布^{[42, 66, 116]}

Figure 4.

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图 5 波斯湾及周边地区的构造背景和海底流体逃逸特征分布^[118]

Figure 5.

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图 6 南海及周边地区的构造背景和海底流体逃逸特征分布^{[6, 47, 67, 130]}

Figure 6.

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图 7 澳大利亚西北近海及周边地区的构造背景和海底流体逃逸特征分布^[139-142]

Figure 7.

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表 1 特提斯构造域海底流体逃逸

Table 1. Seabed fluid escape in the Tethys tectonic domain

研究区域	构造背景	主要逃逸特征	流体来源	运移通道	地质控制作用	主要参考文献
波斯湾	裂谷盆地	碳酸盐岩	热成因	断层	褶皱活动	[121-122]
地中海	俯冲带、被动大陆边缘	泥火山、麻坑、活动冷泉	热成因、生物成因、天然气水合物分解	断层、泥火山、气烟囱	海底滑坡、沉积物超压、高沉积速率、挤压构造、孔隙压力升高	[3,86,103]
黑海	弧后裂谷盆地	泥火山、麻坑、活动冷泉	生物成因、天然气水合物分解	断层、泥火山、气烟囱	海底滑坡、海平面升降、活动断层、海底峡谷、地震活动	[16,114]
南海	主动、被动与走滑大陆边缘	泥火山、麻坑、活动冷泉、碳酸盐岩	生物成因、热成因、天然气水合物分解	断层、泥火山、气烟囱	地震活动、深部底辟运动、倾斜断层和沉积边界	[44,47]
澳大利亚西北近海	被动大陆边缘	碳酸盐岩	热成因	断层	断层、海平面升降、潮汐活动	[21]

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特提斯构造域海底流体逃逸活动特征及其控制因素

作者简介: 赵文宇（1995—），男，硕士，主要从事海洋地球物理学研究，E-mail：wenyu_zhao1@sina.com

通讯作者: 陈江欣（1987—），男，副研究员，主要从事海洋地球物理与地震海洋学研究，E-mail：jiangxin_chen@sina.com

Characteristics and controlling factors of submarine fluid escape in Tethys tectonic domain

Corresponding author: CHEN Jiangxin, jiangxin_chen@sina.com

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