Geochemical records of biological carriers on deepsea hydrothermal vent and methane seep fields
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摘要:
海底冷泉-热液极端环境是岩石圈与外部圈层进行物质交换和能量流动的主要窗口，其独特的地质条件和营养模式孕育了繁茂的生物群落和生态系统。由于多种因素的叠加控制，海底极端环境的理化性质通常变化频繁且剧烈。大量研究表明，这种变化或波动又能不同程度地被环境中生存的生物记录下来，因此，生物所保留下来的某些地球化学信息具有恢复重建其生存环境变化的潜在能力，这对人类目前尚难自由出入的深海极端环境的探索尤为重要。本文从海底极端环境生物种类和空间分布、生物壳体的地球化学信息、生物元素和同位素地球化学指标以及生物有机生标等几方面出发，探讨当前科学家关注的典型地球化学指标对沉积环境的记录应用，并展望了未来需要进一步加强研究的几个方面，希望借此能引起广大研究者对该领域的兴趣和重视，以加深加快对海底极端环境内运行规律和影响的认识。
Abstract:The environments of cold seep and hydrothermal vent are the main windows for material exchange and energy flow between lithosphere and outer spheres, and their unique geological conditions and nutrient patterns give birth to the lush biological communities and ecosystems. The change of physical and chemical properties of extreme environment will affect the geochemical information carried by the organisms living in extreme environment, so the extreme environment organisms could be used as a effective proxy for environmental recovery. In this paper, attempt is made to address the concerned geochemical information with emphases on biological species, spatial distribution pattern, mineral geochemistry of biocarrier rocks, geochemical indicators of biological elements and isotopes, and lipid biomarker in paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The application of the information to the restoration of sedimentary environments is discussed, in addition to future research directions. We hope that the introduction may raise interests and attentions from researchers.
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Key words:
- hydrothermal vent /
- cold seeps /
- biological carriers /
- geochemical records /
- isotopic records /
- organic biomarkers
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表 1 海底冷泉和热液系统宏体生物的地球化学记录特征对比
Table 1. Comparison of geochemical record characteristics of macrobiota of seafloor cold seeps and hydrothermal systems
相似点流体浓度决定生物种类和数量 记录栖息地地球化学特征 生物体不同组织的元素种类和含量不同 微生物过程和周围环境影响生物同位素信息
不同点热液区生物种类和数量受温度影响较大 热液区生物的金属元素含量更高 稀土元素的富集模式不同 生物标志物种类不同 
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