Characteristics and controlling factors of suspended sediment transportation in summer spring tide in Funing Bay
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摘要:
根据福宁湾夏季水文泥沙实测资料，分析了研究区悬浮泥沙浓度变化特征，研究了悬浮泥沙的输运机制，探讨了悬浮泥沙输运的控制因素。结果表明，平面上，悬浮泥沙浓度从湾内到湾外呈现递减的分布趋势；垂向上，各站位平均含沙量由底层向表层逐层递减。悬浮泥沙在湾内表现为向陆方向输运, 在湾口和湾外整体则向西南方向输运，平流输运在悬沙输运中占主导地位。正常天气下，研究区夏季的悬沙净输运方向与余流方向基本一致；西南强风天气下，研究区悬浮泥沙的浓度增大，其输运方向受风向控制指向东北向。闽浙沿岸流（夏季）活动较弱，对研究区悬浮泥沙的输运基本没有影响。
Abstract:Using the measured hydrological and sediment data in the summer Funing Bay, the variation characteristics of suspended sediment concentrations are analyzed, the transport mechanism of suspended sediment studied, and the controlling factors of suspended sediment transportation discussed in this paper. The results show that the suspended sediment concentration decreases from the inside to the outside of the bay in plane view. Vertically, the average sediment concentration of each station decreases from the bottom layer to the surface layer. Suspended sediment is transported landward within the bay, and moves southwestward in the mouth and outside the bay, and advection transport dominates the transport of suspended sediment. Under normal weather, the net transport direction of suspended sediment in the study area in summer is basically consistent with the residual flow direction. Under the southwest strong wind weather, however, the concentration of suspended sediment in the study area increases, and the transport direction turns to northeast. The Min-Zhe coastal current is weak in summer and has little effect on the transportation of suspended sediment in the study area.
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Key words:
- suspended sediment /
- change in time and space /
- transport mechanism /
- control factors /
- Funing Bay
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表 1 遥感卫片日期对应的风速风向
Table 1. The wind speed and direction corresponding to the date of the remote sensing image
时间 风速/(m/s) 风向/(°) 时间 风速/(m/s) 风向/(°) 2014.07.28 00:00 2.91 256 2016.08.19 00:00 8.38 228 2014.07.28 06:00 5.55 257 2016.08.19 06:00 8.98 222 2014.07.28 12:00 4.07 259 2016.08.19 12:00 11.46 224 2014.07.28 18:00 3.36 246 2016.08.19 18:00 14.87 232 
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表 2 各站位余流流速流向统计
Table 2. Residual flow statistics for each station
站位 表层 0.2H 0.4H 0.6H 0.8H 底层 流速/
(cm/s)流向/
(°)流速/
(cm/s)流向/
(°)流速/
(cm/s)流向/
(°)流速/
(cm/s)流向/
(°)流速/
(cm/s)流向/
(°)流速/
(cm/s)流向/
(°)1# 13.4 277 5.8 308 10.9 279 4.3 359 4.9 18 6.3 292 2# 9.2 322 7.2 327 1.9 35 4.1 52 7.0 55 5.7 57 3# 2.4 215 1.7 168 1.7 230 2.1 238 1.4 206 0.2 173 4# 1.8 305 2.1 276 2.1 267 2.4 258 2.8 231 2.4 247 5# 2.2 263 3.8 276 2.2 239 1.2 26 1.1 347 2.1 28 6# 13.5 190 10.8 200 8.3 199 5.7 204 5.0 194 4.0 194 7# 12.7 213 12.3 211 11.1 206 10.3 206 8.7 198 7.6 200 8# 20.2 197 20.7 195 17.0 193 14.7 192 13.8 194 13.9 192 9# 14.3 256 15.4 251 10.2 247 9.0 237 6.9 247 7.3 248 10# 12.5 219 12.1 226 7.5 230 8.2 225 5.8 242 5.0 230
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表 3 各层位平均悬浮泥沙浓度
Table 3. Average suspended sediment concentration in each layer
mg/L 站位 表层 0.2H 0.4H 0.6H 0.8H 底层 1# 27.8 32.0 29.8 39.9 52.1 59.1 2# 26.4 26.9 28.4 30.9 44.4 91.6 3# 31.3 31.7 32.3 32.9 34.8 48.9 4# 28.8 29.3 30.1 31.5 33.7 52.0 5# 9.9 10.2 10.9 12.9 17.5 27.5 6# 26.4 26.7 27.0 28.7 31.7 57.9 7# 22.0 22.7 24.0 26.9 33.7 55.8 8# 15.2 15.6 16.5 18.3 22.0 35.2 9# 19.9 20.1 20.7 21.6 23.2 32.3 10# 15.7 15.8 16.3 17.4 19.7 34.9
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表 4 正常天气与强风天气悬浮泥沙浓度
Table 4. Suspended sediment concentration in normal and strong wind weather
mg/L 区域 正常天气 强风天气 涨潮中间时刻 落潮中间时刻 涨潮中间时刻 落潮中间时刻 最小 最大 平均 最小 最大 平均 最小 最大 平均 最小 最大 平均 A 4.76 30.04 7.95 3.65 27.36 7.10 5.76 36.56 10.23 4.24 22.12 9.71 B 2.87 21.74 5.64 2.55 17.16 5.12 3.56 44.56 9.42 3.57 19.88 7.73
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表 5 各站位输沙率
Table 5. Sediment transport rate of each station
g·s−1·m−1 站位 输沙项 T1 T2 T1+T2 T3+T4 T5 T6+T7+T8 T总 1# 输沙率 11.40 3.09 12.24 0.23 2.91 0.33 9.39 方向 301 220 287 185 79 133 293 2# 输沙率 6.69 2.74 4.61 0.25 4.15 0.50 4.75 方向 350 324 329 288 33 142 279 3# 输沙率 3.93 3.02 6.85 0.01 0.18 0.06 6.62 方向 210 184 187 179 256 263 188 4# 输沙率 4.91 7.22 11.37 0.30 0.21 0.07 11.78 方向 248 207 223 226 187 70 222 5# 输沙率 3.14 4.19 6.31 0.19 0.91 0.16 5.44 方向 273 211 237 181 68 102 232 6# 输沙率 30.35 6.32 36.23 0.17 2.19 0.28 34.22 方向 202 226 206 239 23 121 206 7# 输沙率 30.04 12.67 42.68 1.04 1.89 0.62 41.41 方向 206 201 205 192 50 39 203 8# 输沙率 44.82 4.85 49.46 0.43 1.81 0.27 47.93 方向 196 214 198 204 24 74 197 9# 输沙率 30.35 6.32 36.23 0.17 2.19 0.28 34.22 方向 202 226 206 239 23 121 206 10# 输沙率 25.15 5.33 30.35 0.29 1.66 0.29 28.76 方向 233 247 235 268 47 104 236
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表 6 各站位输沙项占比
Table 6. Proportion of sediment transport items at each station
% 站位 T1 T2 T1+T2 T3+ T4 T5 T6+T7+T8 1# 121.5 32.9 130.4 2.4 31.0 11.4 2# 140.9 57.6 97.0 5.2 87.4 23.5 3# 59.3 45.6 103.4 0.2 2.7 1.2 4# 41.7 61.2 96.5 2.5 1.8 0.7 5# 57.8 77.0 116.1 3.5 16.7 3.4 6# 88.7 18.5 105.9 0.5 6.4 1.2 7# 72.6 30.6 103.1 2.5 4.6 1.5 8# 93.5 10.1 103.2 0.9 3.8 0.6 9# 88.7 18.5 105.9 0.5 6.4 1.2 10# 87.4 18.5 105.5 1.0 5.8 1.1
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