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摘要:
在循环载荷下岩石发生应力-应变的非线性弹性行为是普遍的，孔隙流体、载荷频率、围压、层理方向是造成岩石应力应变滞后、能量衰减、刚性变化等特征的重要外部变量。基于来自大庆、南京、合肥等地的砂岩样品，利用电液闭环伺服控制压机系统，开展了不同饱和流体砂岩的应力-应变滞回曲线、不同载荷频率和饱和流体对岩石的衰减、不同层理方向加载和卸载对岩石杨氏模量影响的实验对比研究，阐明了饱和岩石的非线性响应特征，揭示了外界影响因素对岩石产生非线性形变的作用机制，探讨了岩石内部触面间摩擦阻力在岩石发生非线性形变过程中发挥的媒介作用，并推断接触面颗粒之间的摩擦阻力可能是导致岩石发生衰减、滞后等非线性行为的内在因素。本研究拟通过岩石内部小尺度的摩擦作用与构造尺度断层面上的摩擦滑移相似性，来揭示地震发生时岩体失稳的动力学过程。
Abstract:The stress-strain loop hysteretic nonlinear behavior of a rock is generally adopted in uniaxial cyclic loading experiments. Pore fluid, cyclic loading frequency, confining pressure and bedding direction are important external variables that cause stress and strain hysteresis, energy attenuation and rigidity change of rocks. In this paper, three comparative experiments have been carried out under the Material Testing System (MTS) for the stress-strain hysteresis with different saturated fluids, the rock energy attenuation by loading different frequency stress and saturated fluids, and Young’s modulus effect for the sandstones with different bedding directions sampled from Daqing, Nanjing, Hefei, etc. Based on the results, we clarified the nonlinear elastoplastic response characteristics of saturated rocks, and revealed the nonlinear deformation mechanism induced by external factors. And the mediating role of friction resistance on internal particle contact surfaces during rocks nonlinear elastic deformation process is proved. It is inferred that the sliding friction resistance of particles in macro-cracks may be the main internal factor resulted in the attenuation and hysteresis of rocks. This paper attempts to further reveal the dynamics process of earthquakes and rock instability based on the similarity of frictional sliding between the fine-scale rock particles and the earth-scale tectonic faults.
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表 1 不同载荷频率下饱和泵油+沥青合肥砂岩的滞回圈面积
Table 1. Hysteretic area data of Hefei sandstone saturated with pumped oil and asphalt under different cycle period and stress frequencies
载荷
周期1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 Hz 0.182 0.181 0.179 0.177 0.171 0.172 0.170 0.173 0.173 10 Hz 0.188 0.179 0.178 0.175 0.175 0.173 0.172 0.175 0.171 15 Hz 0.19 0.183 0.178 0.177 0.174 0.171 0.171 0.171 0.171 
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表 2 不同饱和流体下合肥砂岩的滞回圈面积
Table 2. Hysteretic area data of Hefei sandstone followed by loading cycle periods in different conditions
载荷
周期1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 饱水 0.389 0.318 0.308 0.298 0.299 0.275 0.263 0.252 0.241 干燥 1.344 1.260 1.117 1.114 1.112 1.110 0.105 1.102 1.084 饱泵油+沥青 0.143 0.136 0.124 0.115 0.113 0.091 0.071 0.032 0.021
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表 3 不同饱和流体砂岩的杨氏模量
Table 3. Young's modulus of sandstone with different saturated fluid
杨氏模量/MPa 循环次数 垂直层理 平行层理 加载阶段 卸载阶段 加载阶段 卸载阶段 饱泵油砂岩 干燥砂岩 饱泵油砂岩 干燥砂岩 饱泵油砂岩 干燥砂岩 饱泵油砂岩 干燥砂岩 1 14.444 13.084 14.810 12.999 16.069 12.871 16.144 12.625 5 14.378 13.210 14.469 13.222 16.042 13.010 16.075 13.118 10 14.283 13.254 14.411 13.249 16.012 13.069 16.031 13.098 15 14.238 13.275 14.253 13.261 16.002 13.082 16.004 13.166 20 14.211 13.290 14.266 13.313 15.971 13.100 16.005 13.181 25 14.183 13.304 14.189 13.321 15.969 13.112 16.022 13.140 30 14.160 13.305 14.170 13.284 15.950 13.120 15.976 13.208 35 14.158 13.317 14.202 13.286 15.950 13.132 15.887 13.156 40 14.377 13.195 14.555 13.214 16.050 12.914 16.097 12.949
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