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摘要:
随着深水油气资源开发、天然气水合物试采和海底管线铺设等人类工程活动的日益增多，影响资源开采和工程施工的深海地质灾害备受关注。深海滑坡作为主要深海灾害，其不稳定性研究具有重要的科学意义和实际价值。本文总结了国内外深海滑坡的研究历程，梳理了深海滑坡的形态结构及类型、深海滑坡研究的方法手段，讨论了地震与断层活动、天然气水合物分解两个重要因素对深海斜坡不稳定性的影响。近十年来，随着一些新方法的涌现，研究热点已由深海滑坡的形态结构及分类等转移到深海滑坡的触发机制、滑动过程原位观测等方面。但现场调查技术、物理模拟试验和数值模拟试验仍是深海滑坡研究的主要方法手段，ROV/HOV等非常规技术也在逐步应用于深海滑坡的研究中。深海滑坡的产生通常是由海床内部地质作用和外部水动力作用共同引起，多种触发机制对深海滑坡的耦合作用及新触发机制对深海滑坡的影响仍是未来研究的重点。
Abstract:Human engineering activities under the sea, such as the exploitation of deep-water oil and gas, the trial production of marine gas hydrates, and the construction of submarine pipelines, are rapidly increasing with time. They have attracted great attention from the geosociety since deep-sea geohazards often occur with those submarine resource extraction and engineering activities. Landslide is a kind of geohazard often happened in the deep sea, so the instability study of deep-sea landslides has become an important subject of marine scientific research. This paper is devoted to the research status and progress of deep-sea landslides both at home and abroad, and the morphological classification as well as research methods and means. The effects of earthquake, fault activity and gas hydrate decomposition on the instability of deep-sea slopes are discussed. In the past decade, with the emergence of some new research methods, the research focus of deep-sea landslide has shifted from the morphological classification to the trigger mechanisms and in-situ observation of deep-sea landslides. However, field investigation, physical simulation and numerical simulation still remain as the main means for the study of deep-sea landslides, and unconventional techniques, such as ROV/HOV are also gradually applied. Deep-sea landslides are usually caused by joint internal and external geological and hydrodynamic factors. The coupling effect of trigger mechanisms and the impact of new trigger mechanisms are still the focuses for future researches.
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Key words:
- deep-water landslide /
- morphological structure /
- landslide types /
- stability analysis
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