Environmental reconstruction for the paleo-lake of ZhuⅠdepression and the depositional model for high-quality source rocks
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摘要:
珠一坳陷古近纪陆相湖盆发育优质烃源岩，通过对文昌组、恩平组泥岩系统取样，进行常量、微量元素、同位素含量等分析，优选出对环境敏感的元素与元素比值，系统分析了珠一坳陷烃源岩形成时的古环境，包括古盐度、古水深、氧化还原条件、古气候及古水体的封闭性，并建立了有机碳与环境敏感元素比值的定量关系。开展优质烃源岩发育的水化学性质研究，明确研究区优质烃源岩形成演化所具有的古环境特征，最终探讨了文昌组优质烃源岩的发育模式。研究结果表明，珠一坳陷（除韩江凹陷无样本点）文昌期温暖略干气候条件下，湖盆水体主要为淡水—微咸水，发育中—深湖相，整体表现为开放—半封闭、还原—强还原的环境，极利于有机质的保存和优质烃源岩的发育，各凹陷古环境差异不大。烃源岩质量与咸度、水深、还原条件呈正相关，共同影响了优质烃源岩的发育。总之，温暖略干、微咸、深水及强还原、开放—半封闭环境共同控制了珠一坳陷优质烃源岩的发育。
Abstract:High-quality source rocks are well occurred in the Paleogene lacustrine deposits of the ZhuⅠdepression. Element geochemistry and isotope analysis for mudstone cuttings from the Wenchang Formation and Enping Formation is carried out by this paper in order to optimize the study of element content and elements ratio which are sensitive to paleoenvironment reconstruction. Paleoenvironmental parameters for the source rocks in ZhuⅠdepression are systematically analyzed, which include paleosalinity, paleowater depth, redox conditions, paleoclimate, degree of environmental closure and so on. Upon the basis, we revealed the quantitative relationship between the organic matter content and the ratio of environmental sensitive elements, and established the depositional model for the high-quality source rocks in the Wenchang Formation. The results show that under the warm and slightly dry climate conditions during the Wenchang period, the ZhuⅠdepression was a medium to deep and open to semiclosed lake dominated by fresh water and brackish water under a reductive or strongly reductive environment, which was conducive to the preservation of organic matter and the formation of high-quality source rocks. The quality of source rocks is positively related to salinity, water depth and reduction conditions. In conclusion, in a warm and slightly dry lake with slightly salty deep water as the ZhuⅠdepression, the strong reduction and open-semiclosed environment jointly control the development of high-quality source rocks in ZhuⅠdepression.
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Key words:
- high-quality source rocks /
- development model /
- paleoenvironment /
- paleo-lake /
- inorganic geochemistry /
- ZhuⅠdepression
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表 1 珠一坳陷文昌期湖盆古盐度重建指标及其指示意义
Table 1. Reconstruction index of paleosalinity for Wenchang Formation in ZhuⅠdepression and its implications
判别指标 淡水 微—半咸水 咸水 B/Ga ＜1.5 5～6 ＞7 Rb/K ＜0.004 0.004～0.006 ＞0.006 Sr/Ba ＜0.6为陆相，＞1为海相 Z值 ＜120 − ＞120 
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表 2 珠一坳陷文昌期湖盆古氧相重建指标及其指示意义
Table 2. Reconstruction index of paleooxygen facies for Wenchang Formation in ZhuⅠdepression and its indicative significance
判别指标 氧化环境 弱还原—氧化 还原环境 强还原环境 Th/U ＞30 10～30 4～10 ＜4 V/(V+Ni) ＜0.46 0.46～0.60 ＞0.60 − Cu/Zn ＞0.63 0.38～0.63 0.21～0.38 ＜0.21
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表 3 珠一坳陷文昌期湖盆古气候重建指标及其指示意义
Table 3. Reconstruction index of paleoclimate in ZhuⅠdepression for Wenchang Formation and its indicative significance
判别指标 低值 高值 Sr/Cu 1.3～5.0，温湿 ＞5，干热 Sr/Ca 温湿 干热 Mg/Ca 潮湿 干旱 Rb/Sr 干燥 湿润 Al2O3/MgO 干旱 湿润
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