Characteristics of submarine landslides and their implications for petroleum geology
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摘要:
海底滑坡是一种由于重力失稳导致的广泛发生在外陆架-上陆坡-深海平原的沉积物搬运体，是海底沉积物重要的搬运过程，具有较强的侵蚀能力和搬运能力，可将大量陆架沉积物搬运至深海，为深海带来丰富的沉积物。再沉积后的滑坡体因其特殊的内部结构，对海洋油气成藏有重要影响。综合国内外研究，对海底滑坡空间展布特征和垂向结构特征进行总结，对滑坡体岩石物理特征进行梳理，揭示海底滑坡边界特征、内部结构以及岩石物理特征。结合海底滑坡特征，从提供物源、储层、盖层、改变海底温压等方面分析海底滑坡对海底油气藏的积极意义，从破坏盖层、改变海底土体温压环境等方面分析海底滑坡对海底油气藏的负面影响。最后结合国内外研究现状，指出未来应对海底滑坡微尺度特征识别、进一步开展海底滑坡与海底油气藏联系以及加强海洋油气开发致灾风险等方面进行深入研究。
Abstract:Submarine landslide is a type of sediment transport body that occurs widely in the regions from outer continental shelf to upper continental slope and to deep-sea plain due to gravity instability. It is an important transport process of seafloor sediments. Its strong power of erosion could transport a huge amount of sediments from continental shelf to deep sea. A landslide event has an important impact on submarine hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution because of its special internal structure. This mini-review summarizes studies on submarine landslide and its role in shaping and re-working marine hydrocarbon resources, specified the characteristics in spatial distribution and vertical structure of submarine landslides, and revealed preliminarily the petrophysical characteristics of landslides. Based on the above-mentioned works, the roles of submarine landslides in both positive and negative manner, on submarine oil and gas reservoirs was analyzed in terms of provenance, reservoir, caprock, and variations in seafloor temperature and pressure. Finally, combined with the current research progresses, we pointed out that the future direction of research shall focus on the microscale characteristics of submarine landslides, on the relationship between submarine landslides and submarine oil and gas reservoirs, and on the prevention in submarine-landslide–risk regions against possible disaster from trigging during offshore operation of oil and gas development.
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表 1 全球海底滑坡陡壁坡度统计
Table 1. Slope of global submarine landslide headwall
滑坡名称 位置 陡壁坡度 中国南海北部陆坡滑坡[16] 中国南海北部陆坡 5°～35° The Israel Slump Complex[18] 以色列近海大陆边缘 2°～15° The Gorgon Slide[19] 澳大利亚西北部边缘 30° The Gebra Slide[21] 南极布兰斯菲尔德盆地 16° The Storegga Slide[22] 挪威近海大陆架 25°～35° The Hinlopen Slide[23] 北冰洋斯瓦尔巴群岛边缘 20°～35° The Goleta Slope[24] 美国圣巴巴拉海峡西部边坡 40°～45° The 44-North Slide[25] 美国俄勒冈州近海边缘 22° Submarine landslides along the Israeli continental-slope[26] 以色列大陆坡 5°～26° 白云滑坡[27] 中国南海珠江口盆地 6°～14.5° 
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