海底冷泉区沉积物-水界面甲烷通量原位观测研究进展

吕泰衡; 孙治雷; 耿威; 曹红; 张喜林; 张现荣; 徐翠玲; 徐昊; 翟滨; 张栋; 周渝程; 曹又文; 李鑫海

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2022081901

海底冷泉区沉积物-水界面甲烷通量原位观测研究进展

1.
中国地质大学（武汉）海洋学院，武汉 430074

2.
自然资源部天然气水合物重点实验室，中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所，青岛 266237

3.
崂山实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室，青岛 266237

4.
青岛海检集团有限公司技术中心，青岛 266237

基金项目: 崂山实验室科技创新项目“适于海底水合物资源探测的爬行车作业平台研制”（LSKJ202203504）；国家自然科学基金“海洋甲烷拦截带对冷泉流体的消耗研究：来自南海东沙海域的观测与研究”（42176057）；青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室山东省专项经费（2021QNLM020002）；山东省自然科学基金“冲绳海槽冷泉-热液流体溶解碳源/汇效应及对深海碳循环的影响”（ZR2021MD049）；中国地质调查局海洋地质调查二级项目（DD20221707）

详细信息

作者简介: 吕泰衡（1998—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事海洋地质研究，E-mail：LVTaiheng@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者: 孙治雷（1975—），男，博士，研究员，主要从事深海矿产资源调查评价和成矿机理研究，E-mail：zhileisun@yeah.net

中图分类号: P736

收稿日期: 2022-08-19

修回日期: 2022-12-06

刊出日期: 2023-08-28

Progress in in-situ observation of methane flux at sediment-water interface in cold seep

1.
College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

2.
Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate of Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266237, China

3.
Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China

4.
Qingdao Marine Equipment Inspection&Testing Group Co.Ltd., Qingdao 266237, China

More Information

Corresponding author: SUN Zhilei, zhileisun@yeah.net

Received Date: 19 August 2022

Revised Date: 06 December 2022

Publish Date: 28 August 2023

摘要

摘要:
海底沉积物-水界面作为冷泉跨圈层活动最关键的界面，近年来已成为冷泉区碳循环研究调查的重点目标。为准确获取海洋沉积物-水界面的流体通量，客观重建界面环境过程，评估环境效应，必须发展一整套精确、高效、科学的水下原位甲烷通量测量技术。综述了当前海洋冷泉区沉积物-水界面甲烷通量研究的意义与价值，详细介绍了多种较为成熟的海洋沉积物-水界面甲烷原位通量测试技术工作原理、使用方法和优缺点等，如测试游离气泡态甲烷通量的渗漏帐篷、声学反射、时序影像等技术方法，原位溶解态甲烷膜脱气技术的甲烷传感器、激光拉曼光谱测量方法等，同时对全球该领域已经调查的地区、研究现状和进展进行了详细的介绍。最后从技术层面对这一研究领域未来的发展方向和趋势进行展望，以期为未来国内海洋冷泉区沉积物-水界面甲烷通量原位观测研究提供思路与方向借鉴。
- 冷泉 /
- 沉积物-水界面 /
- 甲烷通量 /
- 原位观测技术 /
- 发展趋势
Abstract:
As the most critical interface, the seabed sediment-water interface has become the key target of carbon cycle research in cold seep in recent years. To obtain accurately the fluid flux at marine sediment-water interface, reconstruct objectively the interface environmental processes, and evaluate the environmental effects, a complete set of accurate, efficient, and scientific underwater in-situ measurement techniques of methane flux shall be developed. The significance and value of methane flux at sediment-water interface in cold seep are reviewed in the topics including working principle, methods, advantages and disadvantages of free bubble methane flux seep tent, acoustic reflection, timing imaging, in situ dissolved methane membrane methane sensor, and laser Raman spectral measurement methods. The investigated regions, research status, and progress in the field are presented. Finally, the future direction and trend of development in this field are expected in technical aspect, to provide a reference for the in situ observation of methane flux in marine cold seep.
- cold seep /
- sediment-water interface /
- methane flux /
- in-situ measurement /
- trend of development

HTML全文

图 1 海洋甲烷泄漏过程示意图^[9]

Figure 1.

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图 2 沉积物孔隙水中溶解气体浓度随时间变化剖面^[26]

Figure 2.

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图 3 “发现”号ROV上所搭载的激光拉曼探针(a)与不同界面上的化学参数变化特征(b)^[40]

Figure 3.

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图 4 GFM装置结构示意图^[54]

Figure 4.

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图 5 涡轮渗漏帐篷（a）及BCD（b）装置结构示意图^{[17, 53]}

Figure 5.

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图 6 半自动气泡计数法处理流程示意图^[57]

Figure 6.

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图 7 Birthday Candles与Mega Plume处的甲烷输入与输出模式图^[63]

Figure 7.

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图 8 甲烷及其他化学参数随时间变化特征^[64]

Figure 8.

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表 1 溶解态甲烷检测仪器比较

Table 1. Comparison of instruments for soluble methane detection

仪器名称	工作原理	测量范围	工作区间/m	响应时间	检出限	参考文献
METS -CAPSUM	膜脱气技术半导体气敏技术	10～150 mM	0～3 500	1～30 min	10 nM	[20-21]
Hydro C^TM/CH₄	膜脱气技术红外吸收光谱	30～500 μM	0～6 000	17～30 s	＜6 nM	[22]
TETHYS	膜脱气技术质谱仪	−	0～5 000	5 s	＜1 nM	[24]
NEREUS	膜脱气技术质谱仪	−	0～300	15 s	＜1 nM	[25]
DORISS	LRS	−	0～4 000	5～20 s	4×10⁶	[27]
RiP	LRS	−	0～6 000	−	10⁶	[37]

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表 2 圣塔芭芭拉海峡COP重要渗漏点沉积物-水界面气体通量^[53]

Table 2. Gas fluxes at water-sediment interface from SantaBarbara marine seeps^[53]

渗漏点	调查区域面积/km²	渗漏活跃区面积/km²	Q_max /(m⁻³·m⁻²·d⁻¹)	Q_total /(m⁻³·d⁻¹)
Platform Holly	0.367	0.034	0.75	1 490
Seep Tent	0.338	0.051	0.19	990
La Goleta	0.375	0.215	0.57	5 350
Patch	0.366	0.203	0.13	4 220
Trilogy	0.747	0.187	2.6	8 980

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表 3 墨西哥湾AC601站位海底盐池的主要化学组分^[59]

Table 3. Main chemical components of submarine salt pools at the AC601 Station in the Gulf of Mexico^[59]

深度 /cm	pH值	盐度 /‰	溶解氧 /μM	浓度/μM
深度 /cm	pH值	盐度 /‰	溶解氧 /μM	DIC	H₂S	SO₄²⁻	Cl⁻	CH₄
5	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	14.35
20	6.29	82	＜2	11.2	0.00	20	1366	20.29
80	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	33.29
100	6.25	92	＜2	12.8	0.25	16	1533	38.40

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海底冷泉区沉积物-水界面甲烷通量原位观测研究进展

作者简介: 吕泰衡（1998—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事海洋地质研究，E-mail：LVTaiheng@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者: 孙治雷（1975—），男，博士，研究员，主要从事深海矿产资源调查评价和成矿机理研究，E-mail：zhileisun@yeah.net

Progress in in-situ observation of methane flux at sediment-water interface in cold seep

Corresponding author: SUN Zhilei, zhileisun@yeah.net

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