Comprehensive geological survey and research on Wuzhizhou Island of Sanya City based on UAV tilt photography technology
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摘要:
交通不便、植被覆盖茂盛、地形险峻等因素导致无居民海岛开展综合地质调查研究极其困难。为了补充登岛调查人员不足，降低安全风险，提高作业效率，本文探索无人机倾斜摄影技术在无居民海岛综合地质调查中的应用。利用飞马D20无人机搭载5镜头D-OP3000模块，快速获取海岛低空（190 m）、多角度、高精度影像数据，影像平均地面分辨率优于0.03 m。对获取的影像数据应用Smart3D软件生成数字正射影像（DOM）、构建海岛实景三维模型，并基于实景三维模型实现对海岛进行全方位观测，提升对海岛的宏观认识。通过对数字正射影像及海岛实景三维模型进行综合研究，结合实地调查，获取了蜈支洲岛线性断裂特征，探讨了其成因；提取了蜈支洲岛土地开发利用现状信息；识别出岛岸崩塌、断裂活动及岛滩侵蚀等地质灾害隐患点15处，并提出了防治建议，为海岛开发利用、生态保护修复、地质灾害治理及海岛综合管理提供了科学依据。
Abstract:It is extremely difficult to carry out comprehensive geological surveys on uninhabited island due to factors such as inconvenient transportation, lush vegetation coverage, and steep terrain. To overcome the shortage in in-situ investigational staff, reduce safety risks, and improve the working efficiency, the UAV (manned aerial vehicle) tilt photography technology was applied and tested in the Wuzhizhou Island, Hainan Province. A FEIMA D20 UAV carries a D-OP3000 module that equipped with 5 lens with which low-altitude (190m), multi-angle, and high-precision image data could be obtained quickly. The average ground resolution of the image was finer than 0.03m. In addition, Smart3D software was used to generate digital orthophoto maps (DOM) and to build a real-scene 3D model of the island. Therefore, the island could be observed in an omnidirectional way, and the overall understanding of the island was enhanced. Combined with a comprehensive study of digital orthophoto maps, the real-scene 3D model and field investigation, and the linear fracture characteristics of Wuzhizhou Island were obtained, and its origination was explored. The information of current status of land development and utilization of the island was extracted and 15 hidden risk points of geological disasters were spotted, including costal bluff collapse, fault activity, and beach erosion, to which countermeasures were proposed. This study provided a scientific basis for island development and utilization, ecological protection and restoration, geological disaster management, and comprehensive management of the islands alike.
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表 1 飞马D20无人机和D-OP3000相机硬件参数
Table 1. Hardware parameters of FEIMA D20 UAV and D-OP3000 cameras
飞马D20性能参数 D-OP3000性能参数 序号 项目 参数 序号 项目 参数 1 材质 碳纤维+
镁铝合金1 型号 D-OP3000 2 最大载荷 6 kg 2 相机数量 5 3 巡航速度 8 m/s 3 传感器尺寸 23.5×
15.6 mm4 最大续航时间 60 min 4 有效像素 约2430万×
5像素5 测控半径 30 km 5 镜头焦距（下视） 25 mm定焦 6 起降方式 垂直起降 6 镜头焦距（倾斜） 35 mm定焦 
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表 2 像控点信息表
Table 2. Information at the image control points
点名 原始经纬度 原始大地高度/m 解状态 解算卫星 基站ID 基站距离/m Pt11 18°18′43.3060″N、109°45′59.2932″E 14.773 固定解 38 268 2 874.959 Pt12 18°18′42.7392″N、109°46′02.1141″E −0.483 固定解 39 268 2 800.159 Pt15 18°18′58.1493″N、109°45′51.4230″E −5.797 固定解 39 1164 2 714.165 Pt16 18°18′58.1498″N、109°45′51.4233″E −5.799 固定解 39 1164 2 714.169 Pt17 18°18′52.3249″N、109°45′43.6898″E −6.689 固定解 33 1164 2 558.176 Pt18 18°18′53.5039″N、109°45′35.4785″E −6.397 固定解 39 1164 2 321.49 Pt19 18°18′53.5801″N、109°45′28.1935″E −5.010 固定解 35 1164 2 125.469 Pt20 18°18′44.8661″N、109°45′37.2398″E 16.349 固定解 33 1164 2 483.683 Pt21 18°18′38.1566″N、109°45′34.4190″E 49.754 固定解 39 1164 2 518.853 Pt22 18°18′35.4427″N、109°45′41.7395″E 58.335 固定解 39 1164 2 744.847
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