Assessment on geological condition for carbon dioxide sequestration and source-sink matching in the Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要:
当今全球气候突变，极端天气频发，温室气体过量排放造成的温室效应是其形成原因之一。我国正值经济转型，又受限于能源结构，继续大量使用化石能源是不可避免的。通过收集有关珠江口盆地的公开地质资料，与前人所提出的E级和D级碳封存适宜性评价指标对比，得知珠江口盆地具有巨大的碳封存潜力和较高的适宜性。分析了粤港澳琼四地区碳排放情况及变化趋势，认为四地区碳排放源与珠江口盆地碳封存区构成良好的源汇匹配关系，在珠江口盆地实施碳封存，不仅可以使四地区达成碳中和，而且可以使盆地内油气田开发最大效益化。因此，对珠江口盆地碳封存地质条件及源汇匹配性的研究具有重要意义。
Abstract:Abrupt global climate change and extreme weather occur frequently in recent decades, for which the greenhouse effect caused by excessive greenhouse gas emission shall be one of the responsible reasons. China is in the midst of economic transformation but is constrained by the energy structure, thus continuous use of fossil energy in large quantities is inevitable in the foreseeable future. Available geological data about the Pearl River Mouth Basin were collected and the evaluation indicators of carbon sequestration suitability in the E and D levels proposed by previous researchers were compared. Results show that the Pearl River Mouth Basin has a huge carbon sequestration potential and high suitability. Moreover, the carbon emission status quo and variation trend in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, and Hainan were analyzed, by which we believed that the carbon emission sources in the four regions formed a good source-sink matching relationship with the carbon sequestration area in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The implementation of carbon sequestration in the Pearl River Mouth Basin can not only achieve carbon neutrality in the four regions, but also maximize the benefits of oil and gas field development of the basin. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the geological conditions and source-sink matching of carbon sequestration in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.
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表 1 珠江口盆地碳封存地质条件对比[38]
Table 1. Comparison of geological conditions for carbon sequestration in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[38]
碳封存地质条件 研究区 适宜 较适宜 一般适宜 较不适宜 不适宜 地
质
安
全
性区域
地壳
稳定
性地震动峰值加速度 ＜0.05g ＜0.05g 0.05g （0.05～0.10）g （0.10～0.15）g ≥0.20g 历史地震震级（M） 北部隆起带1次M6.75级 历史地震围空区 M＜5（1/2) 5(1/2)＜M＜6.0 6.0＜M＜7.0 M＞7（1/2) 活动断裂发育情况 远离活动断裂带 远离活动断裂带 距活动断裂近但
未通过有新近纪断裂通过但在
全新世活动不明显有规模较小、活动
较弱断裂通过位于强烈的活动断裂带 区域性盖层特征 主力盖层埋深（d）/m 珠江组平均埋深1179 800～1200 1200～1700 1700～3500 3500以上 800以下 盖层岩性 海相泥岩 膏岩、泥岩、
钙质泥岩含砂泥岩、
含粉砂泥岩粉砂质泥岩、
砂质泥岩泥质粉砂岩、
泥质砂岩裂缝发育灰岩、
粗碎屑砂岩主力盖层的单层厚度/m 400～800 ＞100 100～50 50～30 30～10 ＜10 盖层分布的连续性 连续，稳定 连续，稳定 较连续，较稳定 连续性中等，较稳定 连续性较差，
较不稳定连续性差，不稳定 盖层渗透率/10−3μm2 0.002～0.2，平均＜0.02 ＜0.0001 0.0001～0.001 0.001～0.01 0.01～0.1 ＞0.1 地热地质条件 地热流值/(mW·m−2） 平均值69.9 30～50 50～70 70～90 90～150 ＞150 地温梯度/(℃/100 m) 2.9～11.3/4.2 ＜2.0冷盆地 2.0～3.0次冷盆地 3.0～4.0中等 4.0～5.0次热盆地 ＞5.0热盆 海底温度/℃ 2.5～15，平均8.2 ≤2 2～3 3～10 10～25 ＞25 沉积盆地性质 张扭性 压性 压扭性 扭性 张扭性 张性 水动力作用 水力封闭和封堵作用 水力封闭作用 水力封堵作用 水力运移逸散作用 火山活动 较弱 弱 较弱 中等 强 较强 储
存
规
模储层属性 沉积盆地面积/km2 200000 ＞10000 10000～5000 5000～1000 1000～500 ＜500 沉积地层厚度/m 7000～14000 ≥3500 3500～1600 1600～800 适宜区带构造单元面积/104 km2 珠一坳陷4 ≥5000 5000～1000 1000～500 珠三坳陷3.6 珠二坳陷3 东沙隆起3 储层厚度/m 韩江组308～370
珠海组450～800＞80 50～80 20～50 10～20 ＜10 储集层岩性 砂岩 碎屑岩 碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩混合 碳酸盐岩 岩浆岩、变质岩、岩丘等特殊储层 无 储层砂厚比/% 49.9～54.2 ＞60 60～40 40～20 20～10 ＜10 储层孔隙度/% 15～31 ≥25 25～20 20～10 10～5 ＜5 储层渗透率/10−3μm2 珠江组1.71
珠海组4～85≥50 50～10 10～1 1～0.1 ＜0.1 储存潜力 资源潜力（油气规模） 大，D级29.1×108t 大 较大 一般 较小 小 E级预测潜力/108t 3080 ＞1000 1000～100 100～5 5～0.5 ＜0.5 单位面积E级预测潜力/(104 t·km−2) 152 ＞500 500～100 100～50 50～5 ＜5 D级推定潜力/108t 珠一坳陷1030 ＞50 50～25 25～0.5 0.5～0.02 ＜0.02 珠三坳陷153 珠二坳陷466 东沙坳陷417 单位面积D级预测潜力/(104 t·km−2) 珠一坳陷257.5 ＞20 20～10 10～5 5～0.1 ＜0.1 珠三坳陷42.5 珠二坳陷155.3 东沙坳陷139.0 经济适宜性和社会环境风险 勘探开发程度 开发后期 开发中 勘探程度高 勘探程度一般 勘探程度低 未勘探过 数据支持情况 499口钻井、69个油藏，勘探开发数据详实 数据充分可靠 数据较充分较可靠 数据一般充分一般可靠 数据不太充分 数据不充分 碳源密度 北部沿岸排放源
很多高 较高 中 低 零 离岸距离/km 150～300 0～50 50～100 100～200 200～500 ＞500 海水深度/m 0～200，平均93 0～50 50～100 100～200 200～500 ＞500 土地利用现状 未利用土地 沙漠等未利用土地 牧草地 林地 耕地、园地 居民点、工矿交通用地、水域 人口密度/(人/km2） 无人区 ≤25
极端稀疏区25～50
绝对稀疏区50～100
相对稀疏区100～200
一般过渡区≥200
集聚区基础工程条件 油气工程条件成熟 大规模 较多 一般 较少 无 
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