Geochemical characteristics of sediment pore water in Haima area of the South China Sea: An indication of cold seeps
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摘要:
海马冷泉位于南海琼东南海域，是南海迄今发现的两个活动冷泉之一。我们对海马冷泉Rov2和PC3站位两个活塞重力柱沉积物孔隙水的阴阳离子、溶解无机碳（DIC）及其碳同位素组成和Sr、Ba含量等进行了分析。结果表明，两个站位孔隙水DIC含量（Rov2和PC3最大DIC含量分别为27.4 、8.5 mM）和δ13CDIC（Rov2和PC3站位最低值分别为−54.63‰和−48.93‰）具有明显的镜像关系。结合孔隙水硫酸盐浓度的变化特征，Rov2和PC3站位的硫酸盐-甲烷界面（SMI）分别位于约485和410 cm。通过模拟估算，Rov2和PC3站位向上甲烷通量分别为67.4和97.2 mol·m−2·ka−1，较浅的SMI深度与相对较高的甲烷通量相一致。SMI附近极低的孔隙水δ13CDIC值指示了AOM作用的发生及其对DIC的贡献。在Rov2站位，自生碳酸盐矿物以高镁方解石为主，阳离子Ca2+、Mg2+和Sr2+含量随深度增加并表现出与SO42−阴离子含量相似的变化特征。在SMI附近，随着SO42−的消耗、有机质的矿化将大量的Ba2+和PO43−释放进入孔隙水。因此，冷泉孔隙水地球化学特征的变化能帮助我们有效识别渗漏活动过程，对AOM作用下物质的迁移与转化具有重要的指示意义。
Abstract:The Haima cold seeps are located in the southeastern part of Qiongdongnan Basin, which is one of the two active cold seeps found in the South China Sea. We analyzed the contents of anions and cations, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and its carbon isotopic composition, and Sr and Ba contents of sediment pore water in two piston gravity columns at the Rov2 and PC3 cores in Haima Cold Seeps. Results show that the DIC contents and δ13CDIC values of pore water in the two cores had a significant "mirror" relationship. With the increase of depth, the DIC contents of the two cores gradually increased (Maximum DIC content of Rov2 and PC3: 27.4 and 8.5 mM, respectively). In contrast, the δ13CDIC values had a negative excursion (Minimum values for the two cores: −54.63‰ and −48.93‰, respectively). Combined with the sulfate depth profile characteristics of pore water, the sulfate-methane interface (SMI) in Rov2 and PC3 cores was located at ~485 and ~410 cm, respectively. The upward methane fluxes in Rov2 and PC3 cores were estimated to be 67.4 and 97.2 mol m−2 ka−1, respectively. The very low δ13CDIC values in pore water near SMI are indicative of the occurrence of AOM (anaerobic oxidation of methane) interaction and its contribution to DIC. In Rov2 core, authigenic carbonate minerals are dominated by high-Mg calcite, and the Ca2+, Mg2+ and Sr2+ showed similar trends to those of SO42−. Near the SMI, with the depletion of SO42−, the mineralization of organic matter released large amounts of Ba2+ and PO43− into the pore water. The geochemical characteristics of pore water could help us effectively identify the early diagenesis in seepage activity area, and are indicative of migration and transformation of materials under the influence of AOM.
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Key words:
- anaerobic oxidation of methane /
- cold seeps /
- pore water /
- South China Sea
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图 5 Rov2和PC3岩芯中经碳酸盐沉淀校正的溶解无机碳生成量（ΔDIC+ΔCa2++ΔMg2+）与硫酸盐消耗量（ΔSO42−）的关系图（简写为RC:S）
Figure 5.
表 1 南海各水合物区SMI深度与甲烷通量
Table 1. Comparison of SMI depths and methane fluxes in each site in the South China Sea
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