Suspended sediment grain size and influencing factors in Funing Bay and its nearby sea areas
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摘要:
基于闽北福宁湾及附近海域冬、夏两季水文泥沙实测数据，分析了不同时间尺度下悬沙的粒度特征，探讨了影响悬沙粒度季节差异的主要因素以及悬沙粒度与浓度的关系。结果表明：正常天气下，研究区悬沙中值粒径普遍大于6.5 Φ。悬沙粒度具有“冬细夏粗”的季节分布特征；受潮动力影响，悬沙粒度大小潮变化明显；潮周期内悬沙粒径变化规律不明显。悬沙粒级-标准偏差曲线显示两种主要的敏感粒级分布范围为2.8～3.4 μm和21.1～25.1 μm。悬沙粒度“冬细夏粗”的季节差异主要受底质再悬浮和泥沙来源的影响。冬季悬沙粒径与浓度的相关性不明显，夏季两者存在显著的线性关系，悬沙粒径随悬沙浓度的增加而减小，这种季节差异可能与悬沙来源和混合作用有关。夏季悬沙粒径的粗化可能与细颗粒发生絮凝沉降有关。
Abstract:Based on the observed hydrological data and sediment in winter and summer in the Funing Bay and its nearby sea areas in the northern Fujian, South China, we analyzed the characteristics of suspended sediment grain size at different time scales, discussed the main factors affecting the seasonal variation of grain size, and revealed the relationship between grainsize and concentration. Results show that in normal weather, the median grain size is generally larger than 6.5 Φ in the study area. The grain size shows seasonal distribution characteristics: being fine in winter and coarse in summer. Under the influence of tidal power, the grain size changes significantly between spring and neap tides. The variation of grain size in tidal cycle is not obvious. The standard deviation of grain size curve shows that the distribution ranges of two main sensitive grain size are 2.8～3.4 μm and 21.1～25.1 μm. The seasonal variation in grain size is mainly affected by sediment resuspension and source supply. Correlation between median grain size and concentration in winter is not obvious, but there is a significant linear relationship between them in summer. With the increase of concentration, the grainsize becomes finer. This seasonal variation may be related to the sources and mixing of suspended sediment. The coarsening of grain size in summer may be related to the flocculation settling of fine particles.
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表 1 各测次观测时间统计
Table 1. Time statistics of four observations
测次 观测时间 冬季大潮 2019年12月12—13日 冬季小潮 2019年12月17—18日 夏季大潮 2020年6月5—6日 夏季小潮 2020年6月13—14日 
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表 2 研究区流速特征值
Table 2. Characteristic value of current velocity in the study area
m/s 测次 站位 大潮期 小潮期 平均流速* 最大流速 平均流速* 最大流速 冬季 1# 0.22 0.60 0.21 0.45 2# 0.26 0.55 0.21 0.49 3# 0.37 0.71 0.32 0.55 4# 0.32 0.60 0.27 0.51 5# 0.34 0.70 0.28 0.55 6# 0.33 0.54 0.28 0.54 7# 0.36 0.74 0.36 0.69 8# 0.38 0.67 0.34 0.68 夏季 1# 0.23 0.61 0.15 0.35 2# 0.24 0.66 0.19 0.43 3# 0.36 0.69 0.20 0.45 4# 0.31 0.54 0.19 0.33 5# 0.33 0.75 0.19 0.40 6# 0.33 0.62 0.21 0.47 7# 0.44 0.92 0.34 0.75 8# 0.40 0.83 0.25 0.61 注：*代表垂线平均值。
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表 3 研究区悬沙中值粒径变化范围
Table 3. Variation range of suspended sediment median grain size in the study area
Φ 区域 站位 冬季大潮 冬季小潮 夏季大潮 夏季小潮 湾内 1# 7.45～7.47 7.53～7.62 6.37～7.19 7.06～7.23 2# 7.28～7.59 7.50～7.56 6.52～7.00 7.17～7.52 湾口 3# 7.39～7.42 7.50～7.65 6.77～6.99 6.83～7.33 4# 7.39～7.46 7.59～7.70 6.58～6.95 7.01～7.23 5# 7.28～7.31 7.64～7.74 6.40～6.92 6.51～7.27 6# 7.31～7.44 7.25～7.51 7.12～7.31 7.34～7.51 湾外 7# 7.32～7.41 7.19～7.53 6.65～6.98 7.16～7.31 8# 7.09～7.38 7.14～7.62 5.67～6.35 6.83～7.09
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表 4 悬沙粒度参数
Table 4. Suspended sediment grain size parameters
测次 各组分含量/% 中值粒
径/Ф平均粒
径/Ф分选
系数偏态 峰态 砂 粉砂 黏土 冬季大潮 1.42 65.95 32.63 7.37 7.45 1.51 0.08 3.43 冬季小潮 1.11 62.31 36.58 7.53 7.63 1.43 0.14 3.34 平均 1.27 64.13 34.61 7.45 7.54 1.47 0.11 3.39 夏季大潮 5.29 72.67 22.04 6.77 6.83 1.68 0.05 3.45 夏季小潮 5.60 64.70 29.69 7.17 7.09 1.81 −0.38 3.73 平均 5.45 68.69 25.87 6.97 6.96 1.75 −0.17 3.59 注：表内数值为研究区站位平均值。
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表 5 研究区底质粒度特征
Table 5. Characteristics of sediment grain size in the study area
测次 站位 各组分含量/% 中值粒径/Ф 沉积物类型 砂 粉砂 黏土 冬季 1# 1.50 75.10 23.40 6.78 粉砂 2# 1.70 73.40 24.90 6.91 黏土质粉砂 3# 1.30 64.90 33.80 6.64 黏土质粉砂 4# 6.40 70.30 23.30 6.83 黏土质粉砂 5# 3.20 67.40 29.40 6.84 黏土质粉砂 6# 3.50 71.50 25.00 7.31 黏土质粉砂 7# 2.60 72.40 25.00 7.10 黏土质粉砂 8# 2.80 66.60 30.60 7.18 黏土质粉砂 夏季 1# 2.10 77.20 20.70 6.62 粉砂 2# 3.40 72.80 23.80 6.84 黏土质粉砂 3# 3.30 71.40 25.30 6.75 黏土质粉砂 4# 6.90 69.00 24.10 6.81 黏土质粉砂 5# 2.10 69.90 28.00 6.86 黏土质粉砂 6# 2.30 74.00 23.70 6.93 黏土质粉砂 7# 2.10 73.90 24.00 7.10 黏土质粉砂 8# 1.10 69.60 29.30 7.16 黏土质粉砂
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