Analysis of main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in Qinnan Depression, Bohai Bay
-
摘要:
秦南凹陷经历了46年勘探,只发现了秦皇岛29-2油气田,尤其是近9年勘探无一油气田发现,勘探工作陷入困境。为了弄清秦南凹陷油气成藏主控因素,指明油气勘探方向,利用三维地震、钻井及化验资料,梳理基础石油地质条件,通过已钻井成败分析和类比研究,明确各储盖组合的成藏主控因素,并预测有利勘探方向。研究表明:①秦南凹陷沙三段、沙一段烃源岩发育,TOC为1.5%~4%,类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型,资源潜力大,发育潜山、沙河街组-东营组、馆陶组-明下段三套储盖组合。②潜山下组合成藏主控因素为储层非均质性;沙河街-东营组中组合成藏主控因素为圈闭有效性;馆陶-明化镇组上组合成藏主控因素为油源断层的运移能力。③东洼与东南洼间低隆起、东洼西斜坡、东洼和东南洼大断层下降盘,分别是下、中、上组合今后的有利勘探区带。本研究成果为今后秦南凹陷油气勘探提供了依据,也为类似地区油气勘探工作提供可借鉴的思路。
Abstract:The Qinnan Depression has experienced 46 years of exploration and only the Qinhuangdao 29-2 oil and gas field was discovered. In the past 9 years, no oil and gas fields have been found, and the exploration work runs into difficulties. To clarify the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation for clear direction of oil and gas exploration, we used 3D seismic, and drilling and laboratory data to sort out the basic petroleum geological conditions. By analyzing the success or failure of drilling and by case analogizing, the main controlling factors of each reservoir and reservoir-caprock assemblage were determined, and the favorable exploration direction was predicted. Results show that the source rocks of the third and first members of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation (Fm) (Es3 and Es1, respectively) of Qinnan Depression are developed with TOC of 1.5%~4% in the types of Ⅰ-Ⅱ1, which have great resource potential. Three reservoir-caprock assemblages (1. burial hill; 2. Shahejie Fm to Oligocene Dongying Fm; and 3. Miocene Guantao Fm to the lower member of Miocene-Pliocene Minghuazhen Fm) are developed. The main controlling factor on reservoir formation for the first assemblage is reservoir heterogeneity, for the second assemblage is trap effectiveness, and for the third assemblage is the migration capacity of oil-source faults. We suggested that the favorable exploration zones for future direction should be: the low uplift between the eastern and southeastern depressions in the lower place, the western slope of the eastern depression in the middle place, and the downslope of big fault in the eastern and southeastern depressions in the upper place.
-
表 1 秦皇岛35-1构造钻井岩性及油气发现统计
Table 1. Statistics of lithology and hydrocarbon discovery in the Qinhuangdao 35-1 Structure
井名 中生界
地层
厚度/m岩石厚度/m 有效储层
厚度/m玄武岩 安山岩、安山质火山角砾岩 火山碎屑岩、集块岩、细晶岩 凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩、泥岩 BZ5 444 258 55 4 127 40 BZ13 170 49 50 17 54 39 BZ13-1 190 93 70 26 1 65 BZ13-9 260 105 125 20 10 125 BZ13-2 220 113 11 21 75 0 BZ13-4 241 207 8 10 16 0 BZ13-7 357 218 7 38 94 0 表 2 秦南凹陷沙河街组-东营组钻井岩性及油气发现统计
Table 2. Statistics of borehole lithology and hydrocarbon discovery in Shahejie-Dongying Formations in the Qinnan Depression
井名 泥岩单层厚度/m 砂岩单层厚度/m 含砂率/% 砂岩总厚度/m 油气显示
厚度/m饱和度较高储层厚度/m QHD22-3-A 1~75 1~24 40 606 105 38 QHD28-2-B 1~104 1~76 33 241 100 12 QHD28-3-A 2~101 1~22 38.7 363 70 13 QHD28-4-D 1~89 1~34 39 350 35 5 QHD29-2-A 2~192 3~89 20 208 115 76 QHD29-2E-A 2~158 2~60 58 397 70 46 QHD30-1N-A 2~51 1~31 34 180 15 10 -
[1] 徐长贵, 周心怀, 邓津辉. 渤海锦州25-1大型轻质油气田的发现与启示[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2010, 15(1): 34-38 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2010.01.007
XU Changgui, ZHOU Xinhuai, DENG Jinhui. Discovery of large-scale Jinzhou 25-1 light oil & gas field in Bohai sea area and its enlightenment[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2010, 15(1): 34-38. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2010.01.007
[2] 黄正吉. 中国近海优质烃源岩的发育特征及古生态标志[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2012, 17(5): 10-16, 26 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2012.05.002
HUANG Zhengji. Growth and paleoecological marker of high-grade source rocks in China marginal seas[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2012, 17(5): 10-16, 26. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2012.05.002
[3] 周心怀, 余一欣, 汤良杰, 等. 渤海海域新生代盆地结构与构造单元划分[J]. 中国海上油气, 2010, 22(5): 285-289 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1506.2010.05.001
ZHOU Xinhuai, YU Yixin, TANG Liangjie, et al. Cenozoic offshore basin architecture and division of structural elements in Bohai sea[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2010, 22(5): 285-289. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1506.2010.05.001
[4] 侯贵廷, 钱祥麟, 蔡东升. 渤海湾盆地中、新生代构造演化研究[J]. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 2001, 37(6): 845-851
HOU Guiting, QIAN Xianglin, CAI Dongsheng. The tectonic evolution of Bohai Basin in Mesozoic and Cenozoic Time[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2001, 37(6): 845-851.
[5] 徐杰, 周本刚, 计凤桔, 等. 渤海地区新构造格局[J]. 石油学报, 2011, 32(3): 442-449 doi: 10.7623/syxb201103010
XU Jie, ZHOU Bengang, JI Fengju, et al. A primary study on the neotectonic pattern of the Bohai area in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 32(3): 442-449. doi: 10.7623/syxb201103010
[6] 蔡少武, 周东红, 王德英, 等. 渤海湾盆地秦南凹陷构造发育特征与有利勘探方向[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(5): 532-541 doi: 10.7623/syxb201905003
CAI Shaowu, ZHOU Donghong, WANG Deying, et al. Tectonic development characteristics and favorable exploration direction of Qinnan sag in Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(5): 532-541. doi: 10.7623/syxb201905003
[7] 蔡少武, 吕丁友, 贺电波, 等. 渤海湾盆地秦南凹陷构造迁移特征及其对油气聚集的影响[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(S2): 67-78
CAI Shaowu, LÜ Dingyou, HE Dianbo, et al. Characteristics of tectonic migration in Qinnan Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin and its impact on hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(S2): 67-78.
[8] 赖维成, 徐长贵, 王晓刚, 等. 秦南凹陷古近系层序地层和沉积体系研究及油气勘探方向探讨[J]. 中国海上油气, 2007, 19(5): 300-305 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1506.2007.05.003
LAI Weicheng, XU Changgui, WANG Xiaogang, et al. A study on Paleogene sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary systems and a discussion on hydrocarbon exploration directions in Qinnan depression[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2007, 19(5): 300-305. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1506.2007.05.003
[9] 张震, 徐春强, 郭瑞, 等. 渤海秦南凹陷新生代断裂体系与构造演化[J]. 断块油气田, 2019, 26(2): 159-161, 167 doi: 10.6056/dkyqt201902001
ZHANG Zhen, XU Chunqiang, GUO Rui, et al. Cenozoic fault system and tectonic evolution of Qinan Sag in Bohai Sea[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2019, 26(2): 158-161, 167. doi: 10.6056/dkyqt201902001
[10] 庄新兵, 邹华耀, 李楠, 等. 秦南凹陷烃源岩特征与油气勘探新领域[J]. 断块油气田, 2011, 18(2): 146-149
ZHUANG Xinbing, ZOU Huayao, LI Nan, et al. Characteristics of source rock and new region of oil and gas exploration in Qinnan Sag[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2011, 18(2): 146-149.
[11] 杨传超, 郭瑞, 王富民, 等. 渤海秦南凹陷沙三段烃源岩有机碳含量定量预测[J]. 成都理工大学学报: 自然科学版, 2019, 46(5): 549-557
YANG Chuanchao, GUO Rui, WANG Fumin, et al. Quantitative prediction of TOC in source rocks of the Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Qinnan Depression, Bohai Sea, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology: Science & Technology Edition, 2019, 46(5): 549-557.
[12] 王德英, 张藜, 杨传超, 等. 秦皇岛29-2东隐蔽油气藏基本特征及油气富集条件[J]. 成都理工大学学报: 自然科学版, 2019, 46(5): 513-522
WANG Deying, ZHANG Li, YANG Chuanchao, et al. Basic characteristics and enrichment mechanism of the subtle reservoir in QHD29-2E, Qinnan Sag, Bohai Sea, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology: Science & Technology Edition, 2019, 46(5): 513-522.
[13] 石文龙, 李慧勇, 茆利, 等. 渤海海域秦南凹陷油气地质特征及勘探潜力[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2014, 19(5): 32-40 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2014.05.003
SHI Wenlong, LI Huiyong, MAO Li, et al. Hydrocarbon geological characteristics and exploration potential of Qinnan depression in offshore area of Bohai Sea[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2014, 19(5): 32-40. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2014.05.003
[14] 刘丹丹, 张雪芳, 周园园, 等. 渤海海域秦南凹陷东南缘断层活动对古近系油气富集的控制[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2020, 36(4): 45-54 doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2019.198
LIU Dandan, ZHANG Xuefang, ZHOU Yuanyuan, et al. Fault activities on the southeastern margin of the Qinnan sag in the Bohai Sea and their control over Paleogene hydrocarbon accumulations[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2020, 36(4): 45-54. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2019.198
[15] 王福焕, 王振宇, 张云峰, 等. 轮古东奥陶系断裂特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2011, 16(1): 15-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2011.01.003
WANG Fuhuan, WANG Zhenyu, ZHANG Yunfeng, et al. Fault characteristics and their controlling roles to hydrocarbon pool-formation of Ordovician in Eastern Lungu[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2011, 16(1): 15-20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2011.01.003
[16] 胡贺伟, 李慧勇, 肖述光, 等. 沙垒田凸起西段走滑断裂发育特征及其对油气的控制作用[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2022, 38(3): 36-44 doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2021.210
HU Hewei, LI Huiyong, XIAO Shuguang, et al. Characteristics of strike-slip faults on the western Shaleitian Uplift and their control over oil and gas accumulation[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2022, 38(3): 36-44. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2021.210
[17] 邓运华. 裂谷盆地油气运移“中转站”模式的实践效果: 以渤海油区第三系为例[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(1): 18-24 doi: 10.7623/syxb201201002
DENG Yunhua. Practical effect of the “transfer station” model for oil-gas migration in rift basin: a case study on the tertiary in the Bohai oil province[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(1): 18-24. doi: 10.7623/syxb201201002
[18] 孙和风, 张蕾, 黄传超, 等. 渤海南部断裂系统特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2012, 17(4): 29-35 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2012.04.005
SUN Hefeng, ZHANG Lei, HUANG Chuanchao, et al. Characteristics of fault system and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in south of Bohai sea[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2012, 17(4): 29-35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2012.04.005
[19] 石文龙, 魏刚, 鲁凤婷, 等. 石臼坨凸起南斜坡区古近系成藏规律[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2012, 31(6): 36-40 doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1000-3754.2012.06.008
SHI Wenlong, WEI Gang, LU Fengting, et al. Forming laws of eogene reservoir on south slope of Shijiutuo swell[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2012, 31(6): 36-40. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1000-3754.2012.06.008