Discussion on the Quaternary initial sedimentary age and sedimentary evolution in the Pearl River Delta
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摘要:
第四纪沉积物特征及年龄对研究河流三角洲沉积演化历史、古海平面变化及古地理环境演变具有重要意义。珠江三角洲是研究华南地区第四纪环境与气候演化的重要区域,通过对珠江三角洲河口地区的钻孔沉积物进行光释光(OSL)年龄限定,珠江三角洲底部沉积物年龄为102.52±6.14 ka,表明珠江三角洲第四纪沉积始于晚更新世。通过系统的AMS 14C和OSL测定,结合前人研究认为,珠江三角洲第四纪以来至少经历了晚更新世和全新世两次主要的海侵和一次海退事件。三角洲初次海侵开始于晚更新世早期(MIS5阶段),于晚更新世晚期(MIS2阶段晚期)发生大规模海退,之后在全新世早期(约11 kaBP,MIS1阶段)再次海侵,形成了至少3层风化黏土层。晚更新世海侵过程中海平面显著波动,其中在约40 kaBP(MIS3阶段)海平面显著降低,形成下风化黏土层;至约30 kaBP海平面上升,三角洲重新接受沉积至MIS2晚期,之后海平面大幅降低形成中、上风化黏土层。
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关键词:
- 第四纪沉积物 /
- AMS 14C /
- 光释光测年(OSL) /
- 海平面变化 /
- 珠江三角洲
Abstract:The characteristics and the age of the Quaternary sediments of the Pearl River Delta are important to understand the evolution in fluvial-delta sedimentation, fluctuations in sea level change, climate, and geography of the area as well as the South China. The optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) of the bottom sediment from the estuaries of the Pearl River Delta was studied and the age was determined to be 102.52±6.14 ka, indicating that the Quaternary deposition started in the late Pleistocene. In addition, AMS 14C dateing was conducted. Combining the OSL results and precious studies, we believe that the Pearl River Delta experienced at least two major transgressions and one regression since the late Pleistocene to Holocene. The first large-scale transgression began in the early Late Pleistocene (MIS5 stage), followed by regression in the late MIS2 stage, and transgressed again in the early Holocene (about 11 kaBP, MIS1 stage), forming at least three layers of weathered clay. During the late Pleistocene transgression, sea level fluctuated significantly. Sea level dropped notably at about 40 kaBP (MIS3 stage), forming the lower weathered clay layer; rose at about 30 kaBP, during which the delta received sediments until the late MIS2; and then the sea level went down again apparently, forming the middle and upper weathered clay layers.
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表 1 AMS 14C样品特征及测年结果
Table 1. AMS 14C sample characteristics and the dating results
钻孔号 样品号 深度/m 采样位置 样品类型 年龄/aBP 校正年龄/cal.aBP 中值 2δ GCZ02 C-4 28.50 三角层中上黏土夹层 炭屑 9155±40 10313 10233~10419 GCZ03 C-1 29.05 三角层顶部 腐木 10030±60 11536 11279~11753 C-2 33.13 三角层中黏土夹层顶部 腐木 >42.70 C-3 33.55 三角层中黏土夹层底部 腐木 28060±540 32254 31149~33620 GCZ04 C-5 17.67 横栏段底部 炭屑 7045±45 7877 7780~7967 GCZ05 C-6 11.05 灯笼沙段贝壳质淤泥夹层 贝壳碎屑 7200±25 7516 7393~7653 C-7 15.60 灯笼沙段底部 蚝壳和藤壶 2290±20 1755 1601~1909 C-9 26.50 横栏段底部 腐叶 9050±45 10218 10152~10289 C-10 30.80 西南镇段顶部 植物根系 39760±1380 43323 41758~45219 SWZ03 C-8 33.45 三角层中下黏土夹层 腐木 >42.40 C-11 34.58 西南镇段顶部 腐木 38690±1210 42609 41180~44347 注:“>42.40”表示超出检出限。 表 2 OSL样品特征及测年数据
Table 2. OSL sample characteristics and the dating results
钻孔号 样品号 深度/m 采样位置 岩性特征 U/(mg/kg) Th/(mg/kg) K/% 年龄/ka GCZ05 OSL-1 21.10 横栏段底部 含砂黏土质粉砂 5.68±0.28 21.54±1.17 2.42 7.20±0.43 OSL-3 43.90 石排段底部 黏土质粉砂与含黏土粉砂质砂互层 4.04±0.20 12.86±0.64 0.74 54.49±2.12 SWZ03 OSL-4 34.58 西南镇段顶部 黏土质粉砂夹砂黏土质粉砂 4.41±0.22 23.13±1.15 2.65 53.75±5.00 OSL-5 47.10 南沙段底部 含砾粗中砂 2.45±0.12 6.69±0.33 0.32 102.52±6.14 OSL-6 39.41 西南镇段底部 黏土质粉砂与含黏土粉砂质砂互层 2.86±0.14 13.38±0.67 1.59 Nx 注:“Nx”表示低于检出限。 表 3 珠江三角洲晚更新世初始沉积和初次海侵的测年数据
Table 3. Dating results of initial deposition and the first transgression during late Pleistocene in the Pearl River Delta
沉积类型 地理位置 钻孔号 样品埋深/m 测试结果/ka/kaBP 测试方法 数据来源 初
始
沉
积东莞石排 PK5 15.9 37±1.48 14C 文献[1] 南沙万顷沙 W2 37.08(37.25) 39.4±0.6(42.81±0.33) OSL(AMS 14C) 文献[36] 佛山容桂 QZK4 53.10 43.41±2.35 OSL 文献[1] 番禺化龙 2号孔 22.9 43.75±2.39 OSL 文献[44] 广州江高 W4 30.99 52.2±0.6 OSL 文献[36] 化龙眉山 Q3a05 3 57.63±3.41 OSL 文献[6] 广州东平 3号孔 25.9 85.5±0.731 OSL 文献[44] 中山民众 ZK13 43.7 91.50±11.00 OSL 文献[45] 中山民众 HPQK01 47.56 92±10 OSL 文献[24] 147±17 PIR-IRSL 番禺眉山 − − 74.3±2.7 OSL 文献[39] 88.5±6.1 OSL 98.2±8.3 PIR-IRSL 东莞麻涌 ZK3 28.8 135.6±3.6 OSL 文献[37] 初
次
海
侵南沙万顷沙 W2 ~31 ~33 古地磁 文献[36] 博罗园洲 PK4 10.9 33±3 14C 文献[1] 广州番禺 PRD16 19.22 ~34.6 14C 文献[37] 香港 East Harbour
Crossing21 39.46±2.32 放射性碳 文献[20] 香港 East Harbour
Crossing21 39.91±2.46 放射性碳 文献[20] 广州番禺 QK3 24.30 40.48±0.18 AMS 14C 文献[46] 香港 上环 22 45.7±2 放射性碳 文献[20] 中山民众 ZK13 28.2 59.46±3.02 OSL 文献[45] 香港 上环 22 130.5±5.3 U系 文献[20] 香港 East Harbour
Crossing21 142±20 U系 文献[20] 注:“−”为未收集到该数据。 表 4 珠江三角洲全新统底部的测年数据
Table 4. Dating results of the lowest Holocene in the Pearl River Delta
地理位置 钻孔号 测试样品 样品埋深/m 测试结果
/aBP校正年龄
/cal.aBP测试方法 数据来源 东莞石龙 ZK5 − 12.05 6270±35 − AMS 14C 文献[38] 佛山顺德 QZK4 有孔虫和介形虫 11.78 6010±40 6457 AMS 14C 文献[7] 深圳新民 SX97 − 10.77 7080±120 − 14C 文献[49] 中山三角 ZK203-2 植物叶、屑 9.9~9.95 7120±30 7953 AMS 14C 文献[50] 东莞石龙 ZK4 − 18.2 7200±300 − OSL 文献[38] 东莞石龙 ZK3 − 10.6 7800±300 − OSL 文献[38] 珠江口 V37 有孔虫 9.7 7970±40 8600~8500 AMS 14C 文献[21] BVC 有孔虫 8.8 8071±34 8800~8600 AMS 14C 文献[21] 中山三角 ZK201-2 植物碎屑 34.77 8170±30 9108 AMS 14C 文献[50] 中山三角 QZK6 植物种子 27.30 9570±30 10937 AMS 14C 文献[51] 中山黄圃 ZK4 泥炭 12.46 9020±45 10203* AMS 14C 文献[52] 中山民众 ZK13 炭屑 23.3 8375±40 9189 AMS 14C 文献[45] 珠江口 OL62 − 6.37 9400±210 − OSL 文献[33] 珠江口 13-LD-ZK9 − − − 9510 14C 文献[47] 珠江口 13-LD-ZK14 贝壳 − − 8600 14C 文献[47] 珠江口 13-LD-ZK19 − − − 9470 14C 文献[47] 珠江口 13-LD-ZK20 贝壳 − − 8800 14C 文献[47] 江门台山 ZK06 淤泥 15.40 9725±40 11178 AMS 14C 文献[48] 江门台山 ZK22 腹足类 15.35 7310±30 8112 AMS 14C 文献[48] 注:“*”表示通过CALIB 8.20程序校正;“−”表示未收集到该数据。 -
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