珠江三角洲第四纪沉积物初始沉积年龄及沉积演化

郑思琦; 林振文; 李出安; 李冠华; 庄文明; 李诗颖; 罗俊超; 阳峰; 李雨龙

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2023033001

珠江三角洲第四纪沉积物初始沉积年龄及沉积演化

1.
广东省海洋地质调查院，广州 510062

2.
汕头大学海洋灾害与防护广东省重点实验室，汕头 515063

基金项目: 广东省地质勘查与城市专项“广东省海岸带综合地质调查——横琴新区调查示范”（2020-13）

详细信息

作者简介: 郑思琦（1994—），女，硕士，助理工程师，主要从事第四纪地质研究，E-mail：184804244@qq.com

通讯作者: 林振文（1986—），男，博士，高级工程师，从事区域地质与矿产勘查研究，E-mail：linzhenwen9704@163.com

中图分类号: P736.21

收稿日期: 2023-03-30

修回日期: 2023-05-14

录用日期: 2023-05-14

刊出日期: 2023-12-28

Discussion on the Quaternary initial sedimentary age and sedimentary evolution in the Pearl River Delta

1.
Guangdong Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510062, China

2.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LIN Zhenwen, linzhenwen9704@163.com

Received Date: 30 March 2023

Revised Date: 14 May 2023

Accepted Date: 14 May 2023

Publish Date: 28 December 2023

摘要

摘要:
第四纪沉积物特征及年龄对研究河流三角洲沉积演化历史、古海平面变化及古地理环境演变具有重要意义。珠江三角洲是研究华南地区第四纪环境与气候演化的重要区域，通过对珠江三角洲河口地区的钻孔沉积物进行光释光（OSL）年龄限定，珠江三角洲底部沉积物年龄为102.52±6.14 ka，表明珠江三角洲第四纪沉积始于晚更新世。通过系统的AMS ¹⁴C和OSL测定，结合前人研究认为，珠江三角洲第四纪以来至少经历了晚更新世和全新世两次主要的海侵和一次海退事件。三角洲初次海侵开始于晚更新世早期（MIS5阶段），于晚更新世晚期（MIS2阶段晚期）发生大规模海退，之后在全新世早期（约11 kaBP，MIS1阶段）再次海侵，形成了至少3层风化黏土层。晚更新世海侵过程中海平面显著波动，其中在约40 kaBP（MIS3阶段）海平面显著降低，形成下风化黏土层；至约30 kaBP海平面上升，三角洲重新接受沉积至MIS2晚期，之后海平面大幅降低形成中、上风化黏土层。
- 第四纪沉积物 /
- AMS ¹⁴C /
- 光释光测年(OSL) /
- 海平面变化 /
- 珠江三角洲
Abstract:
The characteristics and the age of the Quaternary sediments of the Pearl River Delta are important to understand the evolution in fluvial-delta sedimentation, fluctuations in sea level change, climate, and geography of the area as well as the South China. The optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) of the bottom sediment from the estuaries of the Pearl River Delta was studied and the age was determined to be 102.52±6.14 ka, indicating that the Quaternary deposition started in the late Pleistocene. In addition, AMS ¹⁴C dateing was conducted. Combining the OSL results and precious studies, we believe that the Pearl River Delta experienced at least two major transgressions and one regression since the late Pleistocene to Holocene. The first large-scale transgression began in the early Late Pleistocene (MIS5 stage), followed by regression in the late MIS2 stage, and transgressed again in the early Holocene (about 11 kaBP, MIS1 stage), forming at least three layers of weathered clay. During the late Pleistocene transgression, sea level fluctuated significantly. Sea level dropped notably at about 40 kaBP (MIS3 stage), forming the lower weathered clay layer; rose at about 30 kaBP, during which the delta received sediments until the late MIS2; and then the sea level went down again apparently, forming the middle and upper weathered clay layers.
- Quaternary sediments /
- AMS ¹⁴C /
- optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) /
- sea-level change /
- the Pearl River Delta

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图 1 珠江三角洲区域（a）与横琴地区（b）第四系及钻孔分布简图

Figure 1.

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图 2 横琴地区第四系钻孔柱状图及测年结果

Figure 2.

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图 3 横琴地区SWZ03孔岩芯照片

Figure 3.

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图 4 珠江三角洲钻孔中多层花斑黏土分布对比（a）及钻孔分布图（b）

Figure 4.

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表 1 AMS ¹⁴C样品特征及测年结果

Table 1. AMS ¹⁴C sample characteristics and the dating results

钻孔号	样品号	深度/m	采样位置	样品类型	年龄/aBP	校正年龄/cal.aBP
钻孔号	样品号	深度/m	采样位置	样品类型	年龄/aBP	中值	2δ
GCZ02	C-4	28.50	三角层中上黏土夹层	炭屑	9155±40	10313	10233～10419
GCZ03	C-1	29.05	三角层顶部	腐木	10030±60	11536	11279～11753
	C-2	33.13	三角层中黏土夹层顶部	腐木	＞42.70
	C-3	33.55	三角层中黏土夹层底部	腐木	28060±540	32254	31149～33620
GCZ04	C-5	17.67	横栏段底部	炭屑	7045±45	7877	7780～7967
GCZ05	C-6	11.05	灯笼沙段贝壳质淤泥夹层	贝壳碎屑	7200±25	7516	7393～7653
	C-7	15.60	灯笼沙段底部	蚝壳和藤壶	2290±20	1755	1601～1909
	C-9	26.50	横栏段底部	腐叶	9050±45	10218	10152～10289
	C-10	30.80	西南镇段顶部	植物根系	39760±1380	43323	41758～45219
SWZ03	C-8	33.45	三角层中下黏土夹层	腐木	＞42.40
SWZ03	C-11	34.58	西南镇段顶部	腐木	38690±1210	42609	41180～44347
注：“＞42.40”表示超出检出限。

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表 2 OSL样品特征及测年数据

Table 2. OSL sample characteristics and the dating results

钻孔号	样品号	深度/m	采样位置	岩性特征	U/(mg/kg)	Th/(mg/kg)	K/%	年龄/ka
GCZ05	OSL-1	21.10	横栏段底部	含砂黏土质粉砂	5.68±0.28	21.54±1.17	2.42	7.20±0.43
GCZ05	OSL-3	43.90	石排段底部	黏土质粉砂与含黏土粉砂质砂互层	4.04±0.20	12.86±0.64	0.74	54.49±2.12
SWZ03	OSL-4	34.58	西南镇段顶部	黏土质粉砂夹砂黏土质粉砂	4.41±0.22	23.13±1.15	2.65	53.75±5.00
	OSL-5	47.10	南沙段底部	含砾粗中砂	2.45±0.12	6.69±0.33	0.32	102.52±6.14
	OSL-6	39.41	西南镇段底部	黏土质粉砂与含黏土粉砂质砂互层	2.86±0.14	13.38±0.67	1.59	Nx
注：“Nx”表示低于检出限。

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表 3 珠江三角洲晚更新世初始沉积和初次海侵的测年数据

Table 3. Dating results of initial deposition and the first transgression during late Pleistocene in the Pearl River Delta

沉积类型	地理位置	钻孔号	样品埋深/m	测试结果/ka/kaBP	测试方法	数据来源
初始沉积	东莞石排	PK5	15.9	37±1.48	¹⁴C	文献[1]
	南沙万顷沙	W2	37.08（37.25）	39.4±0.6（42.81±0.33）	OSL（AMS ¹⁴C）	文献[36]
	佛山容桂	QZK4	53.10	43.41±2.35	OSL	文献[1]
	番禺化龙	2号孔	22.9	43.75±2.39	OSL	文献[44]
	广州江高	W4	30.99	52.2±0.6	OSL	文献[36]
	化龙眉山	Q3a05	3	57.63±3.41	OSL	文献[6]
	广州东平	3号孔	25.9	85.5±0.731	OSL	文献[44]
	中山民众	ZK13	43.7	91.50±11.00	OSL	文献[45]
	中山民众	HPQK01	47.56	92±10	OSL	文献[24]
	中山民众	HPQK01	47.56	147±17	PIR-IRSL	文献[24]
	番禺眉山	−	−	74.3±2.7	OSL	文献[39]
				88.5±6.1	OSL
				98.2±8.3	PIR-IRSL
	东莞麻涌	ZK3	28.8	135.6±3.6	OSL	文献[37]
初次海侵	南沙万顷沙	W2	～31	～33	古地磁	文献[36]
	博罗园洲	PK4	10.9	33±3	¹⁴C	文献[1]
	广州番禺	PRD16	19.22	～34.6	¹⁴C	文献[37]
	香港	East Harbour Crossing	21	39.46±2.32	放射性碳	文献[20]
	香港	East Harbour Crossing	21	39.91±2.46	放射性碳	文献[20]
	广州番禺	QK3	24.30	40.48±0.18	AMS ¹⁴C	文献[46]
	香港	上环	22	45.7±2	放射性碳	文献[20]
	中山民众	ZK13	28.2	59.46±3.02	OSL	文献[45]
	香港	上环	22	130.5±5.3	U系	文献[20]
	香港	East Harbour Crossing	21	142±20	U系	文献[20]
注：“−”为未收集到该数据。

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表 4 珠江三角洲全新统底部的测年数据

Table 4. Dating results of the lowest Holocene in the Pearl River Delta

地理位置	钻孔号	测试样品	样品埋深/m	测试结果 /aBP	校正年龄 /cal.aBP	测试方法	数据来源
东莞石龙	ZK5	−	12.05	6270±35	−	AMS ¹⁴C	文献[38]
佛山顺德	QZK4	有孔虫和介形虫	11.78	6010±40	6457	AMS ¹⁴C	文献[7]
深圳新民	SX97	−	10.77	7080±120	−	¹⁴C	文献[49]
中山三角	ZK203-2	植物叶、屑	9.9～9.95	7120±30	7953	AMS ¹⁴C	文献[50]
东莞石龙	ZK4	−	18.2	7200±300	−	OSL	文献[38]
东莞石龙	ZK3	−	10.6	7800±300	−	OSL	文献[38]
珠江口	V37	有孔虫	9.7	7970±40	8600～8500	AMS ¹⁴C	文献[21]
珠江口	BVC	有孔虫	8.8	8071±34	8800～8600	AMS ¹⁴C	文献[21]
中山三角	ZK201-2	植物碎屑	34.77	8170±30	9108	AMS ¹⁴C	文献[50]
中山三角	QZK6	植物种子	27.30	9570±30	10937	AMS ¹⁴C	文献[51]
中山黄圃	ZK4	泥炭	12.46	9020±45	10203*	AMS ¹⁴C	文献[52]
中山民众	ZK13	炭屑	23.3	8375±40	9189	AMS ¹⁴C	文献[45]
珠江口	OL62	−	6.37	9400±210	−	OSL	文献[33]
珠江口	13-LD-ZK9	−	−	−	9510	¹⁴C	文献[47]
珠江口	13-LD-ZK14	贝壳	−	−	8600	¹⁴C	文献[47]
珠江口	13-LD-ZK19	−	−	−	9470	¹⁴C	文献[47]
珠江口	13-LD-ZK20	贝壳	−	−	8800	¹⁴C	文献[47]
江门台山	ZK06	淤泥	15.40	9725±40	11178	AMS ¹⁴C	文献[48]
江门台山	ZK22	腹足类	15.35	7310±30	8112	AMS ¹⁴C	文献[48]
注：“*”表示通过CALIB 8.20程序校正；“−”表示未收集到该数据。

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