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摘要:
从沉积物中提取示踪指标是研究西太平洋暖池区古环境和古气候演化的有效途径之一，而准确识别沉积物的源区是其中的关键。目前已通过不同的物源示踪指标，如黏土矿物、石英单矿物、常量元素、稀土元素以及碎屑组分的放射性成因Sr-Nd同位素等，对西太平洋暖池北部和西部第四纪以来的沉积物来源进行了研究，结果表明暖池区沉积物主要来源于亚洲大陆和火山岛弧，部分来源于澳大利亚和/或新几内亚。本文系统归纳和总结了上述示踪指标在西太平洋暖池区的物源研究进展和成果，以及研究中存在的问题，并对西太平洋暖池沉积物源研究提出了几点建议。
Abstract:Extracting tracer indicators from sediments is one of the effective ways to study the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate evolution in the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), and the key is to accurately identify the source region of sediments. The sources of sediments in the northern and western WPWP since the Quaternary have been studied using different source tracers, such as clay minerals, quartz, major elements, REE and Sr-Nd isotope of clastic components. Results show that the sediments of the WPWP originate mainly from the Asian continent and volcanic island arcs, and some originate from Australia and/or New Guinea. This paper systematically summarizes the sources and tracing methods of sediments in the WPWP, points out the issues in the current researches, and puts forward the prospects for the identification of sediment sources in the future.
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Key words:
- source area /
- sediment /
- source tracing /
- Western Pacific Warm Pool
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表 1 西太平洋暖池区各站位指标信息
Table 1. Core locations and palaeoclimate proxies of the Western Pacific Warm Pool sites
位置 站号 位置 代用指标 时间跨度 沉积物源区 参考文献 暖池北缘 PC631 12°30′N、134°60′E 黏土矿物 600 ka 亚洲中西部沙漠与火山岛弧 [6] 暖池北缘 MD06-3047 17°00.44′N、124°47.93′E 常量元素 700 ka 火山碎屑物质和陆源风尘物质 [10] 暖池北缘 PV090510 16°47.79′N、138°5.55′E 黏土矿物 1.95 Ma 中亚大陆和马里亚纳岛弧 [5] 暖池北缘 PV090102 17°55.24′N、135°52.68′E Sr-Nd同位素 2.1 Ma 中国中西部沙漠和火山岛弧 [15] 石英 塔克拉玛干沙漠、蒙古戈壁和
火山岛弧[9] 黏土矿物 亚洲大陆和火山岛弧 [4] 黏土矿物 中国黄土和火山岛弧 [20] 暖池北缘 表层 稀土元素 主要来源于周围火山物质，
少部分陆源[13] 暖池北缘 表层 石英 塔克拉玛干沙漠、蒙古戈壁和
火山岛弧[8] 暖池西北缘 Ph05-5 16°2.96′N、124°20.69′E Sr-Nd同位素 50 ka 中国中西部沙漠、中国黄土和吕宋岛 [14] 暖池西缘 DY12 9°11.94′N、136°8.40′E 稀土元素 22 ka 新几内亚和亚洲大陆 [11] 暖池西缘 KX21-2 1°25.01′S、157°58.91′E 黏土矿物 370 ka 新几内亚 [7] 常量元素 380 ka 新几内亚 [17] 暖池西缘 MD06-3050 15°57.09′N、124°46.77′E 黏土矿物 500 ka 中国东部沙漠、黄土和火山岛弧 [21] 暖池西缘 U1489 02°07.19′ N、141°01.67′E 常量元素、稀土元素 4 Ma 主要来源于新几内亚 [12] 暖池西缘 ODP 768
ODP 769
ODP 7718°N、121°13.158′ E
8°47.136′N、121°17.652′E
8°40.692′N、120°40.782′ ESr-Nd同位素 亚洲大陆和火山岛弧 [22] 暖池西缘 表层 87Sr/ 86Sr 亚洲大陆和火山岛弧 [23] 暖池核心 PC932 5°53’N、177°26’W Sr-Nd同位素 1.1 Ma 1.2～0.9 Ma：澳大利亚大陆和中南美洲；
0.9～0.8 Ma：亚洲大陆[16] 几乎整个
暖池区DSDP 65 04°21.21'N、176°59.16'E 常量元素、稀土元素 只给出数据，未分析源区 [24] DSDP 76 14°05.90'S、145°39.64'W DSDP 166 03°45.70'N、175°04.80'W DSDP 199 13°30.80'N、156°10.30'E DSDP 288 05°58.35'S、161°49.53'E DSDP 317 11°00.09'S、162°15.78'W ODP 807 03°36.42'N、156°37.49'E ODP 869 11°00.09'N、164°44.97'E KH68-4-18-3 01°59.5'N、170°00.5'W KH68-4-20-2 02°28.4'S、169°59.7'W KH71-5-10-2 04°58.5'S、146°03.5'W KH71-5-12-3 11°01.4'S、146°01.5'W KH73-4-5 12°23.2'N、151°48'E KH73-4-9 07°49.9'S、172°48.6'E KH80-3-30 09°50.6'N、153°13.5'E KH84-1-17A 20°05.1'N、143°35'E 
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表 2 西太平洋暖池区沉积物潜在源区的黏土矿物组成
Table 2. Clay minerals composition of the Western Pacific Warm Pool and potential provenance
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表 3 西太平洋暖池及其潜在源区沉积物常量元素组成
Table 3. Major elements composition of sediments in the Western Pacific Warm Pool and potential provenances
% SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO Fe2O3 MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 LOI H2O 参考文献 太平洋中部 50.14 0.56 14.54 6.49 1.33 3.22 3.12 5.46 3.36 1.70 [48] 中北太平洋 50.30 0.52 12.50 10.0 1.85 3.52 2.08 - 3.02 0.83 [48] 51.28 0.41 7.88 5.41 0.75 2.46 14.48 - 1.57 0.47 [24] 西太平洋暖池北缘 0.59 14.06 5.99 0.20 2.84 11.75 3.37 1.54 0.03 [10] 亚洲大陆（黄土） 59.32 0.67 12.47 4.788 0.089 2.13 7.23 1.42 2.43 0.15 8.73 [49] 亚洲大陆（古土壤） 61.85 0.736 13.48 5.253 0.097 2.05 4.63 1.30 2.57 0.13 7.11 [49] 吕宋岛 57.00 0.77 18.53 7.13 0.15 2.16 6.15 3.58 0.92 1.15 1.99 1.25 [50] 新几内亚 0.71 16.37 7.55 0.27 3.02 8.84 2.93 1.62 0.22 [51] 73.73 0.53 13.81 2.87 0.11 0.64 2.325 3.34 2.51 0.15 [52] 澳大利亚 49.95 0.46 10.45 4.60 0.07 1.93 13.37 0.51 2.39 0.11 [52]
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表 4 西太平洋暖池及其潜在源区沉积物稀土元素组成
Table 4. REE composition of sediments in the Western Pacific Warm Pool and potential provenances
10−6 西太平洋暖池 太平洋中部 中北太平洋 亚洲大陆 吕宋岛 新几内亚 澳大利亚 核心 北缘 南缘 其他 黄土 古土壤 La 19.0 102 75.9 43.3 156.62 94.79 44.37 32.31 35.47 13 11.09 1.26 Ce 21.3 67.6 41.3 58.5 100.68 95.26 41.83 64.57 57.59 27.5 22.71 2.28 Pr 4.58 29.8 19.8 12.8 37.3 28.84 12.58 8.16 9.05 4.1 2.784 0.36 Nd 20.3 123 86.3 56.4 168.8 115.44 51.66 28.14 32.04 18.4 11.96 1.57 Sm 4.52 28.6 18.1 13.3 37.68 27.61 11.84 5.70 6.62 4.53 3.02 0.39 Eu 1.21 7.15 4.64 3.35 8.16 6.73 2.92 1.12 1.35 1.4 0.94 0.10 Gd 5.04 32.6 22.1 14.7 40.42 28.97 12.96 5.11 6.18 4.89 3.27 0.51 Tb 0.89 4.81 3.32 2.24 6.74 4.38 1.94 0.79 0.95 0.73 0.53 0.08 Dy 5.22 29.9 21.9 13.7 39.49 26.61 11.99 4.57 5.53 4.34 3.39 0.47 Ho 1.11 6.15 4.79 2.72 9.02 5.3 2.43 0.93 1.12 0.95 0.72 0.10 Er 3.31 17.4 14.1 7.54 24.08 14.85 6.91 2.61 3.09 2.63 2.05 0.27 Tm 0.50 2.37 1.95 1.03 3.41 2.05 0.96 0.43 0.50 0.29 0.036 Yb 3.09 14.6 12.2 6.72 20.72 12.87 6.12 2.70 3.09 2.4 2.05 0.21 Lu 0.47 2.19 1.91 1.03 3.15 1.93 0.92 0.41 0.46 0.37 0.31 0.03 Y 39.9 186 175 70.8 334.81 144.37 68.28 29.17 34.23 28 21.05 3.60 参考文献 [24] [48] [48] [24] [49] [49] [50] [51] [58]
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