Lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics of the Middle Cambrian Shayilike Formation, Tarim Basin, NW China
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摘要:
沙依里克组是塔里木盆地寒武系油气勘探中的重要层位，沉积相的精细刻画依然是目前制约该层位油气勘探取得突破的关键因素。本次研究在大量岩心观察、230块岩石薄片鉴定分析的基础上，总结了研究区内10种典型的岩相组合类型，并识别4种典型地震相带特征，进而分析了沙依里克组发育的沉积相类型及其分布特征。结果表明：（1）塔里木盆地中寒武统沙依里克组发育蒸发台地、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘、斜坡相及盆地相6种沉积相，进一步可划分为7种亚相及15种微相；（2）结合地层厚度展布、地震资料，编制了中寒武统沙依里克组岩相古地理图，建立了碳酸盐岩台地到斜坡–盆地的沉积相模式。对沙依里克组岩相古地理的深入研究，可进一步明确蒸发岩类盖层与盐间白云岩储层之间的良好配置关系，为盐间勘探领域新突破提供理论支撑。
Abstract:The Shayilike Formation is an important horizon in Cambrian oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin, where and the fine-scale delineation of sedimentary facies remains the key factor restricting the breakthrough of oil and gas exploration in this horizon. Based on a large number of core observations and petrography on 230 thin sections, this study has summarized 10 typical lithofacies assemblages in the study area and identified 4 typical seismic facies zone characteristics. Furthermore, the sedimentary facies types and distribution characteristics of the Shayilike Formation were analyzed. The results show that: (1) the Shayilike Formation of middle Cambrian age in the Tarim Basin consists of 6 sedimentary facies, including evaporative platform, limited platform, open platform, platform margin and slope-basin facies, which can be further divided into 7 subfacies and 15 microfacies. (2) Combined with stratigraphic thickness distribution and seismic data, the lithofacies paleogeography map of the Middle Cambrian Shayilike Formation was compiled, and the sedimentary facies model from carbonate platform to slope basin was established. Further study of the lithofacies paleogeography of the Shayilike Formation can clarify the relationship between evaporite cap rocks and intersalt dolomite reservoirs and provide theoretical support for further breakthroughs in the field of intersalt exploration.
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表 1 沙依里克组岩石类型及特征
Table 1. Rock types and characteristics of Shayilike Formation
岩石类型 主要特征 分布位置 蒸发岩类 盐岩 含较多硬石膏（＞40%），呈片状
（图2a）和田2、乔探1、和4、新和1、康2、楚探1、方1、柯探1、中深5、中寒1 石膏岩 纤维状硬石膏成分约占80%，含微量它形白云石（＜5%）（图2b） 和田2、乔探1、舒探1、
新和1、康2、楚探1、方1、柯探1白云岩类 泥质白云岩 白云石表面污浊，白云石晶体呈半自形-自形，粒间充填泥质（图2c） 乔探1、和4、康2、楚探1、中深5、中寒1、轮探1、英买36 粉-细晶白云岩 白云石自形程度较好，为菱形或似菱形，呈镶嵌式胶结（图2d） 和田2、和4、新和1、柯探1、中深5、
轮探1、中寒1、英买36、玉龙6、塔深1藻白云岩 部分暗色的团块状藻粘结颗粒（图2e），基质为亮晶的粉晶白云石胶结 中深5、中深1、塔深1、轮探1 砂屑/颗粒状白云岩 颗粒主要分为两种类型，一类粒径为0.08~0.12 mm（图2f），偶尔呈现残余状（＜15%），另一类呈椭球状、次圆状，长轴粒径可达0.18~0.35 mm，常由泥-粉晶白云石晶粒充填，零星可见黄铁矿
（图2g），颗粒间为亮晶白云石胶结方1、中深5、中深1、塔深1、
轮探1、玉龙6鲕粒白云岩 多为亮晶鲕粒，显微镜下可见大小相异的两类颗粒（图2h），鲕粒粒径明显大于砂屑颗粒，表明沉积时曾经历两期不同能量强度的水体扰动 塔深1 膏质白云岩 白云石多被膏化 和田2、舒探1、方1、柯探1、
中深5、轮探1、中深1、中寒1、玉龙6灰质白云岩 / 新和1 石灰岩类 白云质灰岩 可见方解石局部被白云石化，白云石自形程度较差（图2i） 和田2、乔探1、新和1、康2、
楚探1、柯探1砂屑灰岩 砂屑平均粒径为0.1 mm，局部被白云石化，发育微裂缝，裂缝中充填泥质
（图2k）新和1、柯探1 鲕粒灰岩 常见亮晶方解石胶结的残余鲕粒，同心层不发育，颗粒粒径0.07~0.15 mm，且有大面积方解石被白云石化（图2l） 新和1 泥质灰岩 / 舒探1、新和1、方1 泥岩类 泥岩 多为薄夹层产出 英买36、和4、中深5 灰质泥岩 和田2、新和1 
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表 2 中寒武统沙依里克组沉积相类型划分表
Table 2. Classification table of sedimentary facies types of Shayilike Formation
相 亚相 微相 主要的岩相组合 蒸发台地 蒸发潟湖 膏质潟湖、盐质潟湖 Ⅰ、Ⅱ 蒸发潮坪 膏云坪、低能砂屑滩 Ⅲ 局限台地 潮坪 (灰)云坪、泥云坪、藻云坪、砂屑滩 Ⅳ、Ⅴ 潟湖 潟湖泥、膏云坪 Ⅵ 开阔台地 台内滩 鲕粒滩、砂屑滩 Ⅶ 滩间海 云灰坪 Ⅷ 台地边缘 台缘礁滩 台缘礁、礁后滩 Ⅸ、X 斜坡 / / 盆地 / /
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表 3 沙依里克组地震相带类型及特征
Table 3. Classification of seismic facies types and characteristic table of Shayilike Formation
典型地震剖面 地震相特征 主要亚相 形态结构 反射特征 
席状 连续
中-低频
中-强振幅蒸发台地相—
蒸发潮坪亚相
（SF1）
平行
席状高连续
低频
中-强振幅局限台地相—
潟湖亚相
（SF2）
滩状
透镜状中连续
中-低频
中振幅反射开阔台地相—
台内滩亚相
（SF3）
叠瓦状
前积楔状断续反射
中-低连续
中-低频
中振幅台地边缘相—
台缘礁滩亚相
（SF4）
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