Progress in the applications of the Paleobiology Database in paleogeographic reconstruction
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摘要:
大数据时代的信息技术革命带来了科学研究的数字化变革，作为地球科学领域开展数字化科研重要里程碑的古生物数据库Paleobiology Database（PBDB），为古地理研究提供了重要的数据支撑。通过调研PBDB数据库平台内容及其在古地理重建中的应用实例，总结PBDB数据库目前在古地理重建中存在的问题，展望其未来的发展方向。结果表明：（1）古生物数据库包含大量的可溯源数据，是古生物领域研究的重要信息来源和成果交流平台，其中PBDB数据库具有可视化特点，能提供多种数据检索和下载方式，是古地理重建工作的首选古生物数据库；（2）PBDB数据库的分类学和采集记录数据，在约束古地理位置、修订古气候带划分方案、定量古高程古水深、校正古海岸线等古地理重建领域具有明显优势；（3）古生物数据库偏向于古生物研究领域，且古生物记录的历史可能存在偏差和不完整性，其在古地理重建中起辅助约束作用，而非绝对途径；（4）如何实现古生物数据库中数据的自动分类、筛选，如何精确约束古板块位置的相对经度，如何提升古气候、古高程、古水深等研究的精确性，是应用PBDB数据库进行古地理重建的重要发展方向。
Abstract:The information technology revolution in the era of big data has brought about the digital evolution of scientific research. As a significant milestone of digital scientific research in earth science, the Paleobiology Database (PBDB) can provide essential data support for paleogeographic research. Through the investigation of the content of the PBDB platform and its applications in paleogeographic reconstruction, the current problems in the paleogeographic reconstruction of PBDB are summarized, and its future development is anticipated. The results show that: (1) Paleontology database contains a large number of traceable data, which is an important information source and exchange platform for paleontology research. The PBDB includes a visualization function, can provide a variety of data retrieval and download methods, and is the preferred paleontology database for paleontology reconstruction work. (2) The classification and collection data of the PBDB have may applications in the field of paleogeographic reconstruction, such as constraining paleoplates locations, revising the division scheme of paleoclimatic zones, quantifying paleolatitudes and paleodepths, and correcting paleocoastlines. (3) The paleontological database is more suitable for the field of paleontological research, and the history of paleontological records may be biased and incomplete, so it plays an auxiliary constraint role in paleogeographic reconstruction, rather than an absolute approach. (4) Future developments and applications of paleogeography reconstruction using PBDB include automatic classification and screening of data, methods to accurately constrain the relative longitude of paleoplate positions, and approaches for improving the accuracy of paleoclimate, paleoelevation, and paleodepth determinations.
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图 1 PBDB数据库主要结构（改自Peters and McClennen, 2016）
Figure 1.
图 3 石炭纪宾夕法尼亚时期蒙古地块（AMB）与华北地块（NCB）古地理重建模式（改自Ren et al., 2021）
Figure 3.
图 4 美洲中部植物叶相与气候分布（改自Chaloner and Creber, 1990; Chaney, 1947; Scotese, 2021）
Figure 4.
图 5 利用最近亲缘现生物种共存区间推测古海拔，蓝色矩形条表示物种的生存海拔（高程）范围（改自周浙昆等, 2007）
Figure 5.
图 6 利用PBDB数据修正76 Ma北美板块海岸线（改自Cao et al., 2017）
Figure 6.
表 1 渤海海域新近纪常见水生植物与古水深指示关系（改自潘文静等, 2019）
Table 1. Relationship between common aquatic plants and paleo-bathymetric indicators in the Bohai Sea during Neogene (modified from Pan et al., 2019)
植物类型 挺水植物带 浮水植物带 沉水植物带 无水底植物带 浮游植物带 轮藻植物带 水深/m <1.5 1.5~3 3~5，局部到7 >7 4~6 2.5 属种类型 Sparganium stoloniferum
RanunculusAzolla Sporotrapoidites Potamogeton Pediastrum 轮藻 
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