Water resource utilization characteristics and driving factors in the Hainan Island
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Abstract:
The scarcity of water resources caused by the unique topography and uneven rainfall distribution in Hainan Island has become a major factor restricting local development. In order to provide effective and scientific reference basis for the overall water resource utilization status and solving this problem, this study calculated the water resource utilization situation of Hainan Island from 2017 to 2021 in detail using methods including water resource ecological footprint analysis. Furthermore, a spatial correlation analysis was conducted to examine the island’s water resource utilization characteristics, and the driving factors behind the changes in water resource utilization over the past five years were analyzed using the LMDI model. The results show that: (1) During the study period, the water resource ecological footprint in Hainan Island exhibited a slow growth trend, while the ecological carrying capacity showed a downward tendency. The per capita ecological deficit of water resources remains relatively high, and the water consumption per 10 000 yuan GDP in the whole land continues to decrease, indicating that the overall pressure on water resource demand remains high with significant regional differences accompanied by the efficiency of water resource utilization steadily improving at the same time; (2) Agricultural water use accounts for the highest proportion in the entire water use structure, while ecological water use represents the smallest share, with a year-on-year increase, indicating that Hainan Island highlights the agricultural development and is increasingly conscious of the ecological environment; (3) Significant spatial differentiation in water resource utilization characteristics exists in Hainan Island, with the western region being a hot spot aggregation area for per capita water resource ecological footprint, per capita ecological carrying capacity of water resources, water consumption per 10 000 yuan GDP, while it is a cold spot cluster area for per capita ecological deficit of water resources. The opposite holds true for the eastern region of Hainan Island; (4) Economic and technological factors have a major impact on the changes in water resource ecological footprint within the designated area. Among them, economic factors drive the growth of the water resource ecological footprint in Hainan Island, and exacerbate local water resource consumption, while technological factors negatively contribute to the amount of water resource utilization in Hainan Island, indicating that advanced technology has improved water resource utilization efficiency and significantly reduced water resource consumption.
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Table 1. Moran’s I statistics for water resource utilization characteristics in Hainan Island from 2017 to 2021
Hainan Island Per capita ecological footprint of water
resourcesPer capita ecological carrying capacity of water resources I Variance Z(P) P I Variance Z(P) P 2017 0.464 75 0.043 157 2.520 29 0.011 726 0.483 192 0.043 320 2.604 172 0.009 210 2018 0.352 48 0.042 888 1.986 04 0.047 028 0.377 248 0.042 965 2.103 786 0.035 397 2019 0.340 11 0.043 020 1.919 32 0.054 944 0.374 435 0.043 278 2.082 648 0.037 283 2020 0.292 56 0.042 488 1.704 68 0.088 253 0.358 527 0.042 292 2.029 424 0.042 415 2021 0.339 53 0.044 180 1.895 22 0.058 063 0.378 596 0.043 108 2.106 775 0.035 137 Hainan
IslandPer capita ecological surplus/deficit of water resources Water consumption per 10 000 yuan GDP I Variance Z(P) P I Variance Z(P) P 2017 0.450 41 0.043 128 2.452 11 0.014 202 0.091 243 0.040 106 0.749 344 0.453 650 2018 0.337 28 0.042 883 1.912 78 0.055 776 0.008 160 0.039 355 0.337 650 0.735 627 2019 0.321 33 0.043 154 1.829 99 0.067 252 −0.003 590 0.040 476 0.274 547 0.783 664 2020 0.256 90 0.042 665 1.528 52 0.126 383 0.028 143 0.042 166 0.423 516 0.671 919 2021 0.317 40 0.044 551 1.782 48 0.074 671 0.111 384 0.041 865 0.831 860 0.405 488 
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