Flotation Separation of Cu-Pb-Zn Polymetallic Ore Based on Sulfuric Acid as Regulator
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摘要:
老挝某铜铅锌多金属矿主要有用元素为铜、铅、锌及伴生元素银。针对矿石中有用元素共生关系密切和嵌布粒度细的特点，在探索实验的基础上开展了铜、铅、锌依次优先浮选的条件实验及流程结构优化实验。通过硫酸调浆，在弱酸性介质中实施快速优先浮铜、选铜中矿返回选铅的新工艺，在原矿含Cu 2.07%、Pb 5.76%、Zn 2.95%、Ag 443 g/t的情况下，闭路实验获得铜精矿含Cu 20.18%、Pb 10.32%、Zn 1.52%，Cu回收率达到82.40%，且伴生银在铜精矿中含量高达2738 g/t，回收率为52.00%；铅精矿含Pb 45.35%、Cu 2.43%、Zn 3.34%，Pb回收率达到71.54%；锌精矿含Zn 42.21%、Cu 0.07%、Pb 2.55%，Zn回收率达到70.15%。成功地实现了铜、铅、锌的高效分选及伴生银的综合回收，为该资源开发利用提供了技术参考。
Abstract:The main valuable elements of a Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic ore in Laos are Cu, Pb, Zn and associated Ag. Aiming at the characteristics of the close association and fine dissemination of the valuable minerals, on the basis of exploratory experiments, the condition tests of preferential flotation of copper, lead and zinc successively and the structural optimization tests of the circuit were carried out. Through H2SO4 used as regulator to create a weak acidic medium in the slurry, and the new process of flash copper flotation and its middlings return to Pb flotation circuit was carried out. When the feed assays 2.07% Cu , 5.76% Pb, 2.95% Zn and 443 g/t of Ag, results in closed-circuit test show that the copper concentrate contains 20.18% Cu, 10.32% Pb and 1.52% Zn, at Cu recovery of 82.40%, and silver in the concentrate is as high as 2738 g/t at Ag recovery of 52%; lead concentrate assays 45.35% Pb, 2.43% Cu and 3.34% Zn at Pb recovery of 71.54%; zinc concentrate contains 42.21% Zn, 0.07% Cu and 2.55% Pb at Zn recovery of 70.15%.The efficient separation of Cu, Pb and Zn minerals and the recovery of associated silver have been successfully realized, which provides a technical reference for the development and utilization of this resource.
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表 1 原矿化学多元素分析结果/%
Table 1. Multi-element analysis results of raw ore chemistry
Cu Pb Zn Au* Ag* S Fe Al2O3 SiO2 CaO MgO Co 2.07 5.76 2.95 <0.05 443 7.04 12.11 7.42 31.42 7.80 2.39 0.10 *单位为g/t。 
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表 2 优先选铜实验结果
Table 2. Test results of copper preferential flotation
产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Cu Pb Zn 铜粗精矿1 7.09 18.79 18.47 4.15 65.64 23.56 10.11 铜粗精矿2 2.25 10.82 24.08 4.50 11.97 9.72 3.47 铜粗精矿3 2.19 7.81 24.13 4.74 8.42 9.50 12.72 尾矿 88.47 0.32 3.60 2.42 13.97 57.22 73.69 原矿 100.00 2.03 5.56 2.91 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 3 铜铅锌开路实验结果
Table 3. Results of Cu-Pb-Zn preferential flotation in open circuit
产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Cu Pb Zn 铜精矿 6.82 23.03 27.28 2.92 76.51 32.82 6.15 铅精矿 6.87 4.29 39.60 7.05 14.36 47.99 14.95 铅中矿1 5.93 0.53 3.35 3.27 1.53 1.3.50 5.98 铅中矿2 3.99 1.09 6.22 4.29 2.12 4.38 5.28 铅中矿3 1.06 1.09 5.63 5.31 0.56 1.05 1.74 铅中矿4 0.53 2.26 11.89 8.22 0.59 1.12 1.36 锌精矿 3.36 0.18 3.05 49.29 0.29 1.81 51.05 锌中矿1 3.12 0.39 1.99 4.92 0.59 1.10 4.74 锌中矿2 2.74 0.56 2.37 2.82 0.75 1.15 2.39 锌中矿3 0.30 0.77 3.44 5.82 0.11 0.18 0.54 锌中矿4 0.15 0.61 3.29 8.74 0.05 0.09 0.42 尾矿 65.12 0.08 0.42 0.27 2.54 4.82 5.42 原矿 100.00 2.05 5.67 3.24 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 4 铜、铅、锌闭路实验结果
Table 4. Results of Cu-Pb-Zn preferential flotation in closed circuit
产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Ag* Cu Pb Zn Ag 铜精矿 8.41 20.18 10.32 1.52 2738 82.40 14.99 4.38 52 铅精矿 9.13 2.43 45.35 3.34 728 10.77 71.54 10.45 15 锌精矿 4.85 0.07 2.55 42.21 1643 0.16 2.14 70.15 18 尾矿 77.60 0.18 0.85 0.03 86 6.66 11.33 15.02 15 原矿 100.00 2.06 5.79 2.92 443 100.00 100.00 100.00 100 *单位为g/t。
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