Research Progress in the Application of Red Mud in Water, Soil and Air Environmental Treatment
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摘要:
中国作为世界上最大的氧化铝生产国，产生的大量赤泥对环境造成严重影响。我国多年来一直重视赤泥的安全处置问题，以环境资源的可持续发展为主，以赤泥的资源化利用及无害化处理为手段，以实现赤泥二次资源化利用为最终目的，展开了多领域、多学科的赤泥综合利用技术研究。本文系统地阐述了赤泥的物理、化学性质以及赤泥在污水处理、土壤修复、废气处理等环境治理中的综合应用情况，展望了赤泥在今后环境治理中的应用前景。
Abstract:As the largest alumina producer in the world, China produces a large amount of red mud that has a serious impact on the environment. For many years, China has attached great importance to the treatment of red mud, focusing on the sustainable development of resources and the environment, taking the use of red mud as a means to achieve the secondary purpose of red mud utilization. Researches on the comprehensive utilization technology of red mud in multiple fields and disciplines were carried out. This paper systematically elaborated the physical and chemical properties of red mud and its comprehensive application in environmental management such as sewage treatment, soil remediation, and waste gas treatment, and prospected the future application of red mud in environmental treatment.
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表 1 国内不同地区赤泥的理化特性
Table 1. Physicochemical properties of red mud in different regions of China
样品（一水硬铝石） 河南 广西 山西 山东 Al2O3/% 25.48 18.87 10.50 8.32 SiO2/% 20.58 8.87 22.20 32.50 Fe2O3/% 11.77 34.25 6.75 5.70 TiO2/% 4.14 6.05 2.55 / K2O/% 2.07 0.08 0.85 / Na2O% 6.55 4.35 3.00 2.33 CaO/% 13.97 13.59 45.25 41.62 MgO/% 1.54 0.41 2.46 / 比表面积/(m2·g-1) 11.65 7.37 5.31 / 孔隙体积/(10-3cm3·g-1) 11.15 7.05 4.75 / 平均孔径/nm 3.83 3.82 3.58 / 分形维数 2.75 2.75 2.78 / 注：“/”表示基准未经过试 
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表 2 2009年我国赤泥利用现状
Table 2. Status of utilization of red mud in China in 2009
赤泥 利用方法 体积用量 注 烧结/复合法 建筑及建筑材料 200~250 ktpa 直接使用赤泥 玻璃、陶瓷 100 ktpa 来自三水铝石和一水硬铝石的高铁赤泥 钢铁生产 800~1000 ktpa 从赤泥中分离出铁矿石 水泥 800~1000 ktpa 建筑材料(砖) 1000~1300 ktp 从赤泥中分离出沙子 来自中国一水硬铝矿的拜耳法赤泥 稀土元素 N/A 研究中 其余的赤泥 聚合物填料 10 ktpa 环境保护 10 kt 试点研究中 总计 3000~3600 ktp
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