Study on Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Heavy Metal Pollution in Coal Gangue Piles in Mining Area
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摘要:
伴随着煤炭资源的大量回采，产生了大量的煤矸石经过地表堆积形成矸石山。矸石山侵占大量土地的同时会释放多种有害重金属元素，能够在周围土壤中进行富集，通过食物链在生态中传递，会对煤矸石周围人群造成伤害。煤矸石周围土壤中重金属分布规律对于矿区生态安全具有重要意义。以山西某矿区两个典型矿井矸石山堆积地为研究对象，基于数理统计方法，分析了周围环境和土壤中七种重金属的分布特征。研究结果表明：甲、乙煤矿的煤矸石七种重金属元素含量明显高于当地背景值，Cr的污染最大，污染最小的是Hg；下风向区域的重金属污染含量明显高于上风向的重金属含量；平面方向上，煤矿甲的土壤重金属污染明显高于煤矿乙对土壤的污染与煤矿矸石堆堆放时间有关；煤矿矸石堆周围重金属元素含量随着距矸石堆的距离增加而减少，其变化趋势存在差异；随着采矿活动的不断进行，矿区矸石堆周围土壤中能够明显的表现出重金属积累的特征；甲、乙煤矿矸石堆周围土壤重金属元素含量随着深度的增加呈递减趋势。土壤中的重金属元素主要集中在土壤表层。煤矿甲在剖面方向上重金属含量煤明显高于煤矿乙。
Abstract:With the massive mining of coal resources, a large amount of coal gangue has been accumulated on the surface to form gangue hills. Gangue hills encroach on a large amount of land while releasing a variety of harmful heavy metal elements, which can be enriched in the surrounding soil and transmitted in the ecology through the food chain, which will cause harm to the people around the gangue. The distribution of heavy metals in the soil around coal gangue is of great significance to the ecological safety of mining areas. Taking two typical mine gangue piles in a mining area in Shanxi as the research object, based on mathematical statistics, the distribution characteristics of seven heavy metals in the surrounding environment and soil are analyzed. The research results show that the seven heavy metal elements in coal gangue of coal mines A and B are significantly higher than the local background value. Cr has the largest pollution and Hg is the least polluted; the heavy metal pollution content in the downwind area is significantly higher than the heavy metal content in the upwind direction; In the plane direction, the soil heavy metal pollution of coal mine A is significantly higher than that of coal mine B. It is related to the time of coal mine gangue pile stacking; the content of heavy metal elements around the coal mine gangue pile decreases with the increase of the distance from the gangue pile, and their changing trends are different. With the continuous progress of mining activities, the soil around the gangue piles in the mining area can clearly show the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation; the content of heavy metal elements in the soil around the gangue piles of A and B coal mines shows a decreasing trend with the increase of depth. The heavy metal elements in the soil are mainly concentrated in the surface layer of the soil. Coal Mine A has significantly higher heavy metal content coal than Coal Mine B in the section direction.
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表 1 矸石中重金属含量对比/(mg·kg-1)
Table 1. Comparison of heavy metal content in gangue
名称 Pb Zn Cu Cr Cd Hg As 山西省背景值 15.500 72.400 25.000 59.100 0.1118 0.0193 9.4000 煤矿甲矸石堆 96.400 170.20 38.500 204.50 0.3610 0.1230 15.670 煤矿乙矸石堆 62.500 97.600 34.200 112.40 0.2420 0.0840 10.980 
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表 2 矸石堆周围土壤重金属污染评价结果
Table 2. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in soil around gangue pile
煤矿 项目 Pb Zn Cu Cr Cd Hg As 含量/
(mg·kg-1)Igeo 含量/
(mg·kg-1)Igeo 含量/
(mg·kg-1)Igeo 含量/
(mg·kg-1)Igeo 含量/
(mg·kg1)Igeo 含量/
(mg·kg-1)Igeo 含量/
(mg·kg-1)Igeo 煤
矿
甲上风口 91.75 1.98
149.580.46 28.65 -0.38 212.50 1.26 0.3270 0.96 0.0650 1.16 21.560 0.61 下风向 92.82 1.99 152.62 0.49 39.12 0.06 276.80 1.64 0.4220 1.33 0.0870 1.58 27.420 0.96 平均值 92.29 1.98 151.10 0.47 33.89 -0.14 244.65 1.46 0.3745 1.16 0.0760 1.39 24.490 0.80 污染度 中度 / 无—中 / 无污染 / 中度 / 无—中 / 中度 / 无—中 / 煤
矿
乙上风口 40.27 0.79 95.740 -0.18 33.82 -0.15 78.480 -0.17 0.2420 0.53 0.0520 0.84 12.170 -0.21 下风向 46.69 0.97 102.75 -0.07 37.25 -0.01 92.500 0.06 0.3210 0.94 0.0740 1.35 16.450 0.22 平均值 43.48 0.90 99.250 -0.12 35.54 -0.07 85.490 -0.05 0.2815 0.75 0.0630 1.21 14.310 0.02 污染度 无—中 / 无污 / 无污染 / 无污染 / 无—中 / 无—中 / 无—中 /
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