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摘要:
为了查明青海某铜阳极泥中贵金属的矿物组成、嵌布关系等特征，优化铜阳极泥中贵金属提取工艺，采用化学分析方法、XRD、SEM电镜和能谱分析等手段对青海某铜阳极泥进行了详细的工艺矿物学研究。结果表明：铜阳极泥中颗粒粒度<38 μm 69.22%，38～4 5 μm 8.58%，>45 μm 22.20%；主要元素为Pb、Cu、Se、Au、Ag，其含量分布为25.43%、18.01%、4.23%、1161.4 g/t、70446.1 g/t；主要物相有铅矾（硫酸铅）、硒铜银矿、硒银矿、铜的砷酸盐（光线矿或翠绿砷铜矿、羟砷铜矿）、铜的氧卤化物或氢氧卤化物（氯铜矿或斜氯铜矿、副氯铜矿）、锑的砷酸盐、锡石、硅酸盐矿物等；金的粒度分布小于2 μm，形态主要为圆点状，与硒铜银矿边缘或包裹连生；银的粒度分布不均匀，最大粒度为20 μm，最小粒度小于5 μm，主要以硒铜银矿、硒银矿、硫铜银矿、卤化银形式存在。
Abstract:In order to improve the technology of the process of noble metal extracted from high lead copper anode slime, the technological mineralogy investigation of the anode slime was studied by chemical analysis methods, XRD, particle size analysis, SEM and EDS. The results showed that the particle size in the anode slime which was less than 38 μm accounted for 69.22%, the particle size ranged from 38 to 45 μm accounted for 8.58%, and that of more than 45 μm accounted for 22.20%. The main elements were Pb, Cu, Se, Au, Ag, and its content distribution was 25.43%, 18.01%, 4.23%, 1161.4 g/t, 70446.1 g/t. The main phases were lead alum (lead sulfate), selenium copper silver ore, selenium silver ore, copper arsenate (light ores or emerald green arsenic copper ores, hydroxyarsenic copper ores), copper oxyhalides or oxyhydrogen halides (chlor-copper ores, oblique chlor-copper ores, para-chloro-copper ores), antimony arsenate, cassiterite, silicate minerals, etc.. The gold particle size was less than 2μm, the shape is mainly dots, and it is connected with the edge or package of the selenium copper silver mine. The silver particle size was uneven, with a maximum particle size of 20 μm and a minimum particle size of less than 5 μm. The main phases were selenium copper silver ores, selenium silver ores, sulfur copper silver ores, and silver halide.
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Key words:
- Copper anode slime /
- Process mineralogy /
- Noble metal /
- Gold /
- Silver
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表 1 铜阳极泥粒度分布
Table 1. Copper anode slime particle size distribution
粒级/mm 重量/g 分布率/% +0.045 96.20 22.20 -0.045+0.038 37.20 8.58 -0.038 300.00 69.22 合计 433.40 100.00 
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表 2 阳极泥多元素化学分析定量结果/%
Table 2. Quantitative analysis results of copper anode slime
Pb Cu Zn SiO2 S Fe As Au Ag* 25.43 18.01 0.65 0.58 7.35 0.18 0.58 1161.4 70446.1 *单位为g/t。
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