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摘要:
煤型铀主要是指赋存于煤层的铀，一般以煤中铀含量大于或等于40 μg/g为煤型铀资源界定标准。为总结云南省煤中铀含量特征，查明煤型铀资源分布规律。通过系统查阅196份煤田勘查报告，筛查出12个煤矿中109口钻孔的至少208个煤中铀含量数据，结合前人数据共整理出23个煤矿中的至少1044个煤中铀含量数据，统计分析显示：（1）煤中铀含量差异显著，分布极为不均；（2）峨山塔甸三叠系无烟煤中平均铀含量为27.6 μg/g，系国内新发现的又一罕见的无烟煤型铀富集区；（3）潞西等㽘、临沧勐旺—帮卖、建水甸尾、弥勒跨竹、蒙自南部的新近系褐煤和文山邱砚煤田的二叠系贫煤、新近系长焰煤，共6个地区煤中铀含量达到煤型铀资源界定标准，尤以临沧盆地群和邱砚煤田最具煤—铀及多金属勘探开发价值。初步分析认为煤中铀含量受煤阶影响有限，铀源供给才是铀富集并成矿的先决条件。
Abstract:The coal-type uranium generally refers to uranium minerals occurring in coal seam uranium, generally the uranium content in coal is greater than or equal to 40 μg/g as its defining uranium resources standard. In order to summarize the characteristics of uranium content in coal in Yunnan Province and find out the distribution law of coal-type uranium resources. Through systematic review of 196 coal field exploration reports, the uranium content data of at least 208 coals of 109 boreholes in 12 coal mines were screened out. Combined with previous data, the uranium content data of at least 1044 coals in 23 coal mines were sorted out. Our statistical analysis shows that: (1) Uranium content in coal varies significantly and its distribution is extremely uneven. (2) The average uranium content in Triassic anthracite in Eshan Tadian is 27.6 μg/g, which is another rare anthracite uranium enrichment area newly discovered in China. (3) The Neogene lignite of Denggang coal mine in Luxi basin, Mengwang-Bangmai coal mine in Lincang basin, Dianwei coal mine in Jianshui, Kuazhu coal mine in Mile basin and southern Mengzi basin, with Permian lean coal and Neogene long flame coal in Qiuyan coal field in Wenshan, a total of six areas of uranium content in coal reach to the define standard of coal-type uranium deposits, especially in the Lincang basin group and Qiuyan coalfield own the most value in coal-uranium and polymetallic exploration and development. The preliminary analysis shows that uranium content in coal is not limited by coal rank and uranium source supply is the prerequisite for uranium enrichment and mineralization.
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Key words:
- Yunnan /
- Coal-type uranium ore /
- Uranium content in coal /
- Lincang basin group /
- Qiuyan coalfield /
- Uranium source
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表 1 云南省含煤盆地（煤田）煤中铀含量统计
Table 1. Statistical of uranium content in coal of coal bearing basin (coal field) in Yunnan Province
赋煤带 盆地/煤田 煤矿 煤种 煤层时代 铀含量范围/均值/（μg·g-1） 煤样数 资料来源 腾冲—潞西（I） 户撒盆地 向董 褐煤 N 10.3−34/15.9 12 * 户撒盆地 向董 褐煤 N 2.39−16/7.39 15 [15] 保山—临沧(II) 潞西盆地 等㽘 褐煤 N 112.1−520/294.9 3 * 永平盆地 永平 褐煤 N 0.2−0.6/0.3 5 [10] 临沧盆地群 勐旺 褐煤 N 10−2522/242.5 36 * 临沧盆地群 勐旺 褐煤 N 26−783/207 — [6] 临沧盆地群 帮卖 褐煤 N 1.05−640/56 78 [16] 临沧盆地群 帮卖 褐煤 N 2.9−29.39/18.69 5 [17] 临沧盆地群 帮卖 褐煤 N 71.5 1 [2] 临沧盆地群 勐托 褐煤 N 7.17−32.5/20.2 — [18] 兰坪—普洱（III） 景谷盆地群 景谷 褐煤 N 0.1−3.9/0.9 52 [10] 景谷盆地群 景谷 长焰煤 N 0.3−12.6/1.5 79 [10] 景洪盆地群 普洱 褐煤 N 0.1−0.7/0.3 4 [10] 景洪盆地群 景洪 褐煤 N 2.7−9.3/6.7 5 [10] 华坪—楚雄（IV） 祥云煤田 云南驿 褐煤 N 10−31.2/15.5 5 * 一平浪煤田 一平浪 褐煤 N 12−27/17.1 8 * 一平浪煤田 一平浪 肥煤 T 0.5−0.6/0.6 9 [10] 一平浪煤田 姚安 褐煤 N 11−21.8/14.7 3 * 一平浪煤田 峨山塔甸 无烟煤 T 7.9−68.3/27.6 56 * 昆明—建水（V） 昆明盆地群 寻甸先锋 褐煤 N 9.3−59.3/18.1 43 * 昆明盆地群 宜良可保 褐煤 N 0.2−13.1/4.3 70 [10] 开远盆地 小龙潭 褐煤 N 1.83−16.8/7.28 3 [2] 建水盆地 甸尾 褐煤 N 500−1100/>500 — * 建水盆地 甸尾 褐煤 N 306−700/>306 — [6] 建水盆地 / 褐煤 N 2.8−73/10.5 111 [10] 昭通—曲靖（VI） 宣富煤田 恩洪 焦煤 P 0.1−2.5/0.2 40 [10] 弥勒盆地 跨竹 褐煤 N 31.2−197/118.6 10 * 蒙自—文山(VII) 蒙自盆地 蒙自南 褐煤 N 10.7−141.5/51.3 20 * 蒙自盆地 / 褐煤 N 0.14−141.5/36.8 223 [10] 邱砚煤田 邱北 长焰煤 N 38.3−64.7/55.7 5 [10] 邱砚煤田 砚山干河 长焰煤 N 45−314.7/101.1 12 * 邱砚煤田 砚山干河 长焰煤 N 0.1−315.8/66.3 115 [10] 邱砚煤田 / 贫煤 P 111−178/155 7 [19] 邱砚煤田 砚山 贫煤 P 167 1 [20] 马关盆地 马关 长焰煤 N 0.2−6.5/3.8 8 [10] 注： *表示本文收集数据；/未知采样地区; —未知煤样数目 
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