川南马边黄家坪地区下寒武统麦地坪组磷块岩稀土元素地球化学特征及成因机制

李佐强; 陈敏; 卢君勇; 阳开龙; 张芹贵; 唐茂林

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2023.01.010

川南马边黄家坪地区下寒武统麦地坪组磷块岩稀土元素地球化学特征及成因机制

四川省地质矿产勘查开发局二零七地质队，四川　乐山　614000

基金项目: 四川省政府性投资地质勘查项目《四川省乐山市马边彝族自治县黄家坪磷矿普查》（DZ202105）

详细信息

作者简介: 李佐强（1995-），男，硕士，主要从事地质调查及矿产勘查工作

通讯作者: 陈敏（1985-），男，高级工程师，主要从事矿产勘查及评价工作。

中图分类号: P618

收稿日期: 2022-05-18

修回日期: 2022-06-10

刊出日期: 2023-02-25

Geochemical Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Phosphorite of Lower Cambrian Maidiping Formation in Huangjiaping Area of Mabian County, Southern Sichuan

207 Geological Brigade of Sichuan Bureau of Exploration & Development of Geology & Mineral Resources, Leshan, Sichuan, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Chen Min, 37255525@qq.com

Received Date: 18 May 2022

Revised Date: 10 June 2022

Publish Date: 25 February 2023

摘要

摘要:
早寒武世梅树村期，上扬子地台发生了大规模的成磷事件，磷块岩作为这一事件的产物，其沉积环境与成因机制尚不明确。为更好理解磷酸盐富集的沉积环境和形成机理，本文对马边黄家坪地区下寒武统麦地坪组磷块岩地球化学特征进行了研究。研究表明，磷块岩样品ΣREE与P₂O₅具明显正相关，（La/Yb）_N和（La/Sm）_N分别为0.98～1.61和0.93～1.39，均指示了REE的富集受早期成岩吸附作用影响，磷块岩较好地保留了稀土元素原始分馏特征；具有明显的Ce负异常（Ce/Ce*均值为0.44），且磷块岩内未见草莓状黄铁矿，指示其沉积于氧化/次氧化水体；Y/Ho值（均值为65）与现代含氧海水Y/Ho值一致，表明磷酸盐来源于原始氧化海水；且Eu具弱负异常（Eu/Eu*平均值0.9），指示磷块岩形成未受热水活动影响；稀土元素配分模式呈“帽子型”，指示磷块岩形成受水岩沉积界面Fe-氧化还原泵作用控制。综合上述发现，并结合早寒武世海洋存在高度分层的氧化还原结构及广泛发育上升流，磷块岩是通过铁氢氧化物氧化还原过程中释放的磷酸盐进入浅水区，并在浅埋藏过程，受生物降解作用和铁氢氧化物还原释放形成磷酸盐富集，磷酸盐和Ca²⁺结合形成磷灰石富集的过程。
- 磷块岩 /
- 稀土元素 /
- 氧化还原环境 /
- 麦地坪组
Abstract:
During the Meishucun period of the Early Cambrian, a large-scale phosphorus formation event occurred on the Upper Yangtze platform. As the product of this event, the sedimentary environment and formation mechanism of phosphorite remains elusive. In order to better understand the sedimentary environment and formation mechanism of phosphorite enrichment, we investigated the geochemical characteristics of phosphorite in Maidiping Formation of Lower Cambrian in Huangjiaping area of Mabian County. The results show that: ΣREE has significant positive correlation with P₂O₅, and (La/Yb)_N and (La/Sm)_N ratio are 0.98 ~ 1.61 and 0.93 ~ 1.39, indicating that REE enrichment is affected by early diagenetic adsorption, and the phosphorite retains the original fractionation characteristics of REE. Obvious negative Ce anomalies (average Ce/Ce* is 0.44) and the absence of framboid pyrite in the phosphorite indicating that the phosphorite were deposited under oxic/dysoxic conditions. The high Y/Ho ratio (mean 65) is consistent with the Y/Ho ratio of modern oxygen-containing seawater, indicating that phosphorite is derived from the original oxic seawater. The weak negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* mean value is 0.9) indicates that the formation of phosphorite is not affected by hydrothermal activity. The REE distribution pattern is “hat type”, indicating that the formation of phosphorite is controlled by Fe-redox pump at sea-sediment interface. In combination with the above findings and combined with the highly stratified redox ocean structure and the intensive upwelling in the early Cambrian, the phosphate released during the redox of FeOOH was transported into the shallow water. In the shallow underground burial, phosphate is enriched by biodegradation and reductive release of FeOOH, and finally phosphate and Ca²⁺ are combined to form apatite, which is continuously enriched and ore-forming.
- Phosphorite /
- Rare earth element /
- Redox environment /
- Maidiping formation

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图 1 研究区区域地质背景

Figure 1.

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图 2 马边黄家坪地区磷矿层岩芯及镜下矿物特征

Figure 2.

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图 3 马边黄家坪地区磷块岩及围岩微量元素PAAS标准化配分模式

Figure 3.

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图 4 马边黄家坪地区磷块岩及围岩稀土元素PAAS标准化配分模式

Figure 4.

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图 5 马边地区含磷岩系样品稀土元素与P₂O₅相关性

Figure 5.

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图 6 马边黄家坪地区磷块岩及围岩Ce/Ce*和Eu/Eu*与其他相关稀土参数投影

Figure 6.

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图 7 现代海水、孔隙水和热液流体稀土元素PAAS标准化配分模式

Figure 7.

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图 8 马边黄家坪地区磷块岩及围岩(La/Yb)_N-(La/Sm)_N

Figure 8.

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图 9 马边黄家坪地区麦地坪组磷块岩成因机制

Figure 9.

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表 1 马边黄家坪地区磷块岩及围岩主量（%）、微量和稀土元素（×10^-6）分析结果

Table 1. Analysis results of major (%), trace and rare earth elements (×10^-6) of phosphorite and surrounding rocks in Huangjiaping area of Mabian County

样品编号	ZK1-1	ZK1-2	ZK1-3	ZK1-4	ZK1-5	ZK2-1	ZK2-2	ZK2-3	ZK2-4	ZK2-5
岩性	磷块岩	磷块岩	水云母粘土岩	磷块岩	磷块岩	含磷砂屑白云岩	磷块岩	磷块岩	磷块岩	含磷砂屑白云岩
P₂O₅	18.87	16.06	4.33	29.03	24.63	5.37	14.97	16.28	17.25	7.15
SiO₂	4.22	26.36	49.40	7.17	5.05	12.03	12.84	21.45	11.13	8.41
TiO₂	0.01	0.07	0.18	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.07	0.08	0.02	0.02
TFe₂O₃	0.22	0.57	1.70	0.20	0.17	0.47	1.56	1.28	0.19	0.37
MnO	0.09	0.06	0.01	0.04	0.05	0.17	0.10	0.05	0.05	0.07
Al₂O₃	0.12	4.21	18.42	0.97	0.27	1.10	1.49	8.78	0.88	0.67
MgO	11.39	6.64	4.12	5.49	7.90	16.20	10.53	7.10	10.76	16.60
CaO	38.63	29.15	6.76	43.04	41.94	29.14	33.63	28.16	36.21	31.07
Na₂O	0.06	0.12	0.46	0.10	0.07	0.08	0.29	0.50	0.12	0.09
K₂O	0.08	2.04	7.79	0.26	0.13	0.50	0.52	3.31	0.32	0.29
TFe₂O₃	0.22	0.57	1.70	0.20	0.17	0.47	1.56	1.28	0.19	0.37
F	1.22	1.36	1.36	2.31	2.04	0.43	1.14	1.68	1.30	0.57
Cl	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03
LOI	26.54	16.51	3.58	14.92	20.09	35.64	25.13	13.39	24.70	36.45
V	3.14	10.50	14.40	10.10	11.90	6.48	15.10	16.20	19.30	22.70
Cr	9.94	17.70	17.30	17.30	23.60	13.30	13.20	20.20	26.30	25.20
Co	1.03	2.19	3.99	1.07	0.75	1.69	2.64	1.78	1.57	1.67
Ni	4.00	11.00	24.60	3.40	3.32	7.26	10.20	25.40	4.85	3.41
Cu	2.15	6.82	16.10	3.36	2.32	4.12	5.94	8.94	2.45	3.14
Zn	4.06	10.50	7.49	10.60	3.32	42.10	18.70	61.90	4.94	61.80
Rb	1.67	24.50	116.00	3.55	1.65	8.89	12.20	52.00	5.87	7.14
Sr	325.0	370.0	149.00	711.0	615.0	116.00	319.0	376.0	442.0	189.00
Zr	6.08	52.60	221.00	13.70	7.68	26.50	24.90	116.0	16.60	13.20
Ba	72.70	203.0	371.00	314.0	243.0	181.00	182.0	629.0	266.0	120.00
Pb	4.74	13.90	36.90	7.86	5.48	74.70	79.50	26.30	5.89	12.60
Th	0.56	6.78	46.20	3.59	0.83	1.54	1.79	18.30	3.40	1.20
U	5.31	7.57	3.74	14.10	14.70	2.91	6.00	9.15	10.50	2.88
La	17.00	32.30	34.90	17.70	22.40	13.90	16.90	44.50	13.50	11.50
Ce	14.90	51.70	74.10	11.40	11.90	16.00	19.80	73.80	10.30	11.00
Pr	2.49	6.18	8.01	2.38	2.59	2.47	2.65	8.19	1.92	1.82
Nd	11.70	25.20	33.00	11.30	12.50	10.90	11.50	33.50	9.01	8.18
Sm	2.27	5.15	7.46	2.17	2.34	2.16	2.28	7.11	1.70	1.55
Eu	0.47	0.60	0.41	0.44	0.66	0.39	0.43	0.74	0.34	0.35
Gd	2.66	5.28	7.23	2.70	3.11	2.28	2.46	7.05	2.20	1.80
Tb	0.37	0.80	1.19	0.37	0.41	0.33	0.34	1.11	0.32	0.26
Dy	2.22	4.99	7.88	2.55	2.86	1.99	2.08	7.06	2.14	1.56
Y	28.70	50.60	60.40	44.70	50.20	20.70	24.10	64.70	33.50	18.30
Ho	0.48	1.04	1.66	0.62	0.68	0.41	0.45	1.51	0.50	0.32
Er	1.34	3.20	5.46	1.88	2.02	1.16	1.29	4.63	1.52	0.94
Tm	0.15	0.41	0.84	0.21	0.23	0.14	0.15	0.64	0.19	0.11
Yb	0.78	2.44	5.73	1.16	1.14	0.80	0.87	4.08	1.02	0.63
Lu	0.09	0.31	0.80	0.15	0.14	0.10	0.11	0.53	0.13	0.08
∑REE+Y	85.62	190.20	249.06	99.72	113.17	73.73	85.40	259.15	78.29	58.40
Y/Ho	59.67	48.65	36.39	72.56	74.26	50.61	53.67	42.85	66.47	56.66
Ce/Ce*	0.47	0.82	0.99	0.36	0.31	0.59	0.64	0.86	0.42	0.51
Eu/Eu*	0.89	0.54	0.26	0.84	1.12	0.83	0.84	0.49	0.80	0.96
Y/Y*	2.22	1.77	1.33	2.84	2.88	1.83	1.99	1.58	2.57	2.06
Pr/Pr*	1.06	1.00	0.95	1.13	1.13	1.07	1.02	0.97	1.10	1.09
La_N/Sm_N	1.09	0.91	0.68	1.19	1.39	0.93	1.08	0.91	1.15	1.08
Dy_N/Sm_N	1.16	1.15	1.25	1.39	1.45	1.09	1.08	1.18	1.49	1.19
Ba/Nd	6.21	8.06	11.24	27.79	19.44	16.61	15.83	18.78	29.52	14.67
Ba/Sm	32.03	39.42	49.73	144.70	103.85	83.80	79.82	88.47	156.47	77.42

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