四川省同德石墨矿床地球化学特征及Re-Os同位素定年

陈超; 孔德才; 田小林; 刘治成; 郭宇衡; 吴得强; 文真蓁; 龙波; 郑毅

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2023.01.011

四川省同德石墨矿床地球化学特征及Re-Os同位素定年

1.
四川省地质矿产勘查开发局一〇六地质队，四川　成都　611130

2.
四川省战略矿产资源勘查利用研究院，四川　成都　611130

3.
四川省国土科学技术研究院，四川　成都　610045

基金项目: 四川省政府性投资地质勘查项目“四川省攀枝花市仁和区同德石墨矿普查”DZ202104；四川省自然资源科研项目“四川省晶质石墨成矿条件及分布规律研究”kj-2021-10

详细信息

作者简介: 陈超（1993-），男，硕士，工程师，主要从事矿产勘查及成矿作用研究工作

通讯作者: 孔德才（1986-），男，学士，高级工程师，主要从事矿产勘查工作

中图分类号: TD11

收稿日期: 2022-04-26

刊出日期: 2023-02-25

Geochemical Characteristics and Re-Os isotopic dating of Tongde Graphite Deposit, Sichuan Province

1.
106 Geological Team of Sichuan Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bereau, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

2.
Sichuan Research Institute of Strategic Mineral Resources Exploration and Utilization, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

3.
Sichuan Institute of Land Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Kong Decai, 8525159@qq.com

Received Date: 26 April 2022

Publish Date: 25 February 2023

摘要

摘要:
攀枝花同德石墨矿床位于扬子板块西缘增生带，本文对矿区矿石和赋矿围岩进行全岩地球化学分析、对矿石进行碳同位素测定、Re-Os同位素测年、对矿石及其赋矿岩石进行了原岩恢复并探讨了成矿环境。研究表明，矿石SiO₂为55.65%～61.68%，SiO₂/Al₂O₃比值为4.59～5.42，Ni/Co比值6.23～12.88，富集Ba、Rb、Sr等大离子亲石元素和Nb、Zr、Hf、Th、U等高场强元素。矿石的稀土元素总量ΣREE为149.13×10^-6～195.37×10^-6，具有弱的Ce负异常和Eu负异常，代表了缺氧的海相沉积环境。矿石中δ¹³C_V-PDB值为-25.0‰~-23.5‰，位于生物成因的有机碳范围内，表明其成矿碳质主要来源于有机物。石墨的Re-Os同位素年龄为983±72 Ma（MSWD=1.7），时代归属为新元古代早期，早于同德周边岩浆岩侵入时代。Re的含量介于27.66×10^-9～79.81×10^-9，普通Os和¹⁸⁷Os的含量分别为0.52×10^-9～2.16×10^-9、0.28×10^-9～0.83×10^-9，相对于Re、Os在地壳中的丰度显著富集。¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os比值为122.9~350.5，Os同位素初始比值¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os=0.31±0.21。结合野外地质调查对同德地区矿石和赋矿云母石英片岩进行原岩恢复，得出其原岩为沉积岩。
- 石墨 /
- Re-Os同位素体系 /
- 地球化学特征 /
- 碳同位素 /
- 扬子西缘
Abstract:
The Tongde Graphite Deposit in Panzhihua is located in the accretionary zone on the western margin of the Yangtze plate. In this paper, the whole rock geochemical analysis, C isotope determination and Re-Os isotope dating of the ore in Tongde graphite mining area are carried out, the original rock of the ore is restored, and the metallogenic environment is discussed. Research shows that the ore SiO₂ is 55.65~61.68%, SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio is 4.59~5.42, and Ni/Co ratio is 6.23~12.88. It is rich in Ba, Rb, Sr and other large ion lithophile elements and Nb, Zr, Hf, Th, U and other high field strength elements. Total rare earth elements of ore ΣREE is 149.13×10^-6～195.37×10^-6, with weak Ce negative anomaly and Eu negative anomaly, representing the anoxic marine sedimentary environment. The Carbon isotope δ¹³C_V-PDB in ore is -25.0‰~-23.5‰, which is within the range of biogenic organic carbon, indicating that the ore-forming carbon mainly comes from organic matter. The Re-Os isotopic age of graphite is 983 ± 72 Ma (MSWD=1.7), belonging to the early Neoproterozoic, earlier than the intrusion age of magmatic rocks around Tongde. The content of re is between 27.66×10^-9～79.81×10^-9, the contents of ordinary Os and ¹⁸⁷Os are 0.52 ×10^-9～2.16×10^-9, 0.28 × 10^-9～0.83×10^-9,respectively ,it is significantly enriched relative to the abundance of Re and Os in the crust. The ¹⁸⁷re/¹⁸⁸os ratio is 122.9~350.5, and the initial Os isotope ratio ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os=0.31±0.21. Combined with the field geological survey, the original rock of ore and ore bearing mica quartz schist in Tongde area is restored, and it is concluded that the original rock is sedimentary rock.
- Graphite /
- Re-Os isotope /
- Geochemical characteristics /
- Carbon isotope /
- Western margin of the Yangtze Plate

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图 1 （a）扬子地块西缘康滇地区地质示意图；（b）中国大陆主要构造单元示意图^[8]

Figure 1.

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图 2 攀枝花同德区域地质简图^[9]

Figure 2.

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图 3 （a）同德石墨矿区管家箐-芭蕉箐矿段（b）P0勘探线剖面

Figure 3.

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图 4 矿石的结构、构造及镜下石墨赋存形态

Figure 4.

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图 5 （a）同德石墨矿矿石、白云母石英片岩微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（b）稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图^[19]

Figure 5.

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图 6 （a）同德石墨矿石墨样品Re-Os等时线年龄（b）加权平均年龄

Figure 6.

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图 7 同德石墨矿和其他石墨矿石墨碳同位素特征对比^[36]

Figure 7.

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图 8 石墨矿石与白云石英片岩w(Zr)/ｗ(TiO₂)-ｗ(Ni)^[37]

Figure 8.

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表 1 主量（%)、微量和稀土元素(×10^-6)分析结果

Table 1. Whole-rock major elements(%)，trace elements and REE data(×10^-6) from graphite ore in Tongde Graphite Deposit

测试项目	石墨矿					云母石英片岩
测试项目	TD-7	TD-8	TD-9	TD-10	TD-11	TD-15	TD-16	TD-17
SiO₂	61.68	55.65	55.83	57.42	58.13	59.55	63.45	56.10
Al₂O₃	13.33	11.36	12.16	12.07	10.72	15.40	14.17	15.28
Fe₂O₃	3.61	2.71	3.58	3.97	3.55	2.09	1.12	1.69
FeO	2.51	2.68	2.05	2.43	1.80	3.94	5.11	5.87
CaO	2.69	6.98	3.57	5.45	4.43	7.83	4.04	4.45
MgO	2.54	2.48	1.19	1.33	0.64	2.98	3.52	4.22
K₂O	2.22	1.57	1.78	2.29	1.91	1.32	1.83	1.87
Na₂O	1.28	0.51	0.64	0.56	0.45	1.65	2.39	2.16
TiO₂	0.37	0.43	0.21	0.30	0.23	0.68	0.63	0.97
P₂O₅	0.45	0.33	1.24	0.47	1.14	0.25	0.15	0.24
MnO	0.14	0.35	0.11	0.13	0.35	0.19	0.22	0.15
V₂O₅	0.06	0.05	0.10	0.07	0.23	0.02	0.02	0.03
Mn	0.11	0.27	0.08	0.10	0.27	0.15	0.17	0.12
烧失量	8.48	13.30	13.70	12.26	13.66	2.90	3.00	3.30
合计	99.47	98.67	96.24	98.85	97.51	98.96	99.82	96.46
固定碳	3.73	3.32	8.78	5.61	8.54	0.53	0.17	0.33
A/CNK	1.58	0.78	1.82	0.98	1.28	0.86	1.09	1.16
A/NK	2.96	4.48	4.08	3.55	3.82	3.72	2.40	2.74
SiO₂/Al₂O₃	4.63	4.90	4.59	4.76	5.42	3.87	4.48	3.67
N₂O+K₂O	3.50	2.08	2.42	2.85	2.36	2.97	4.22	4.03
K₂O/N₂O	1.73	3.08	2.78	4.09	4.24	0.80	0.77	0.87
CaO/MgO	1.06	2.81	3.00	4.10	6.92	2.63	1.15	1.05
Rb	72.5	60.2	61.4	78.9	66.5	53.4	68.6	71.7
Ba	1200	1000	1700	1300	2400	630	740	670
Th	9.72	11.39	14.99	8.68	9.79	6.45	8.79	6.99
U	3.37	2.78	3.87	4.79	6.64	1.61	1.25	1.72
Nb	7.86	9.79	7.06	6.68	6.50	7.59	8.80	10.8
Ta	0.750	0.820	0.610	0.550	0.510	0.560	0.710	0.780
Sr	240	270	350	150	370	630	370	380
Zr	270	321	279	255	280	221	244	259
Hf	4.47	4.71	4.38	4.26	4.52	4.28	4.24	3.77
Cr	154	136	147	125	187	118	124	130
Co	32.2	29.7	31.2	28.9	41.6	24.3	22	27.2
Ni	235	185	342	182	536	33.3	55.4	57.9
Ni/Co	7.30	6.23	10.96	6.30	12.88	1.37	2.52	2.13
Rb/Sr	0.300	0.220	0.180	0.530	0.180	0.080	0.190	0.190
Sr/Ba	0.200	0.270	0.210	0.120	0.150	1.000	0.500	0.570
U/Th	0.350	0.240	0.260	0.550	0.680	0.250	0.140	0.250
La	31.9	35.0	48.4	34.5	45.0	26.5	23.3	28.1
Ce	52.3	58.1	75.8	55.8	60.9	44.0	35.4	49.9
Pr	7.35	7.77	10.72	7.81	9.57	6.13	5.19	6.64
Nd	30.9	32.7	45	32.4	40.1	25.8	22.1	28.8
Sm	6.24	6.71	9.14	6.54	7.99	5.3	4.64	6.11
Eu	1.34	1.47	2.27	1.46	1.89	1.68	1.26	1.68
Gd	5.62	6.48	8.36	5.93	7.95	4.81	4.42	5.54
Tb	0.88	1.06	1.26	0.96	1.26	0.78	0.74	0.88
Dy	5.10	6.40	7.06	5.62	7.90	4.72	4.55	5.16
Ho	1.05	1.38	1.41	1.18	1.74	0.99	1.01	1.08
Er	2.80	3.80	3.56	3.12	4.80	2.70	2.81	2.91
Tm	0.460	0.620	0.550	0.500	0.770	0.440	0.490	0.480
Yb	2.78	3.96	3.37	3.17	4.78	2.9	3.29	3.01
Lu	0.410	0.590	0.510	0.470	0.720	0.440	0.530	0.470
Y	36.7	49.4	52.9	41.2	73.9	31.9	32.4	33.7
ΣREE	149.13	166.04	217.41	159.46	195.37	127.19	109.73	140.76
LREE	130.0	141.8	191.3	138.5	165.5	109.4	91.9	121.2
HREE	19.1	24.29	26.08	20.95	29.92	17.78	17.84	19.53
LREE/HREE	6.81	5.84	7.34	6.61	5.53	6.15	5.15	6.21
(La/Yb)_N	8.23	6.34	10.3	7.81	6.75	6.55	5.08	6.70
δEu	0.690	0.680	0.790	0.720	0.720	1.020	0.850	0.880
δCe	0.840	0.860	0.820	0.830	0.720	0.850	0.790	0.900

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表 2 同德石墨矿石墨矿石Re-Os同位素数据

Table 2. Re-Os isotope data of graphite from Tongde graphite deposit

样品编号	样品质量(g)	Re/(ng·g^-1)		普Os/(ng·g^-1)		¹⁸⁷Re/(ng·g^-1)		¹⁸⁷Os(ng·g^-1)		¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os		¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os		模式年龄/Ma
样品编号	样品质量(g)	测定值	1σ	测定值	1σ	测定值	1σ	测定值	1σ	测定值	1σ	测定值	1σ	测定值	1σ
TD-1	0.5049	79.81	0.36	1.49	0.16	49.96	0.23	0.834	0.014	252.7	7.6	4.372	0.034	993	17
TD-2	0.5256	51.92	0.68	2.16	0.47	32.50	0.43	0.567	0.070	112.9	3.4	2.103	0.015	1038	128
TD-3	0.4979	27.66	0.21	0.59	0.03	17.31	0.13	0.278	0.008	222.5	6.7	3.913	0.057	958	28
TD-4	0.5038	52.60	0.71	1.49	0.13	32.92	0.44	0.599	0.055	166.4	5.0	3.101	0.032	1081	98
TD-5	0.5167	52.80	0.79	1.65	0.18	33.06	0.49	0.588	0.019	150.2	4.5	2.949	0.025	1058	33
TD-6	0.5079	38.85	0.52	0.52	0.03	24.32	0.32	0.410	0.018	350.5	10.5	6.048	0.047	1003	43

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表 3 同德石墨矿与同类型矿床碳同位素对比

Table 3. Carbon isotope correlation between Tongde graphite deposit and the same type deposits

矿区	编号	岩矿名称	δ¹³C_V-PDB/‰
同德	TDC-3	片岩型石墨	-24.9
	TDC-4		-24.8
	TDC-5		-25.0
	TDC-6		-23.5
中坝^[21]	ZB-01	含晶质石墨大理岩	-27.64
	ZB-05	晶质石墨片岩	-28.22
	ZB-06		-28.44
	ZB-07		-28.41
	ZB-08		-28.01
大河坝^[22]	1	石墨片岩	-21.4
	2		-19.5
	3		-19.9
	4		-19.5
	5	含石墨大理岩	-19.0
南江坪河^[23]	1	石墨矿	-24.5
	2	石墨矿	-22.0
	3	大理岩	0.60
	4	大理岩	1.50
鸡西柳毛^[24]	1	石墨片岩	-21.4
	2		-19.9
	3		-32.1
	4		-20.7
	5		-21.3
	6		-24.4
	7		-16.8
	8		-18.9
	9		-17.5
山东南墅^[25]	1	石墨矿	-21.2
	2	石墨矿	-24.0
	3	白云质大理岩	0.80
	4	白云质大理岩	1.50

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四川省同德石墨矿床地球化学特征及Re-Os同位素定年

1. 四川省地质矿产勘查开发局一〇六地质队，四川 成都 611130 2. 四川省战略矿产资源勘查利用研究院，四川 成都 611130 3. 四川省国土科学技术研究院，四川 成都 610045

作者简介: 陈超（1993-），男，硕士，工程师，主要从事矿产勘查及成矿作用研究工作

通讯作者: 孔德才（1986-），男，学士，高级工程师，主要从事矿产勘查工作

Geochemical Characteristics and Re-Os isotopic dating of Tongde Graphite Deposit, Sichuan Province

Corresponding author: Kong Decai, 8525159@qq.com

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1.
四川省地质矿产勘查开发局一〇六地质队，四川　成都　611130

2.
四川省战略矿产资源勘查利用研究院，四川　成都　611130

3.
四川省国土科学技术研究院，四川　成都　610045