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摘要:
黄铁矿是自然界中储量最丰富的硫化矿之一，常与铅、锌、铜等价值较高的硫化矿共生。针对被高碱抑制的黄铁矿，常使用活化剂改善其可浮性，从而活化选硫，而活化剂对黄铁矿表面性质的影响是研究其作用机理的关键。本文详细阐述了黄铁矿晶体性质，包括其微观晶体结构、能带结构、态密度、Mulliken布局、电化学性质等；以黄铁矿表面物种演变为切入点，介绍了表面杂质掺杂、空位缺陷和表面氧化对其可浮性的影响。综述了离子活化和活化药剂的作用机理：铜、铅离子活化会在黄铁矿表面形成吸附活性位点，促进捕收剂吸附；酸类活化剂会清除黄铁矿表面亲水沉淀和氧化产物；盐类活化剂则会与黄铁矿表面原子反应，改变黄铁矿表面性质和水化层结构，从而促进浮选。加强对活化剂作用过程中黄铁矿表面性质的观察、表征、精确计算和模拟，可为黄铁矿的高效清洁活化剂研发、资源合理利用和环境保护提供一定科学依据。
Abstract:Pyrite is one of the most abundant sulfide minerals in nature, often associated with lead, zinc, copper and other high-value sulfide minerals. Activators are normally used to improve the floatability of pyrite that inhibited due to high alkalinity. The influence of activators on the surface properties of pyrite is the key to reveal its mechanisms. This study investigates the crystal properties of pyrite, including its crystal structure, band structure, density of states, Mulliken, electrochemical properties, etc. Taking the evolution of pyrite surface species as the starting point, this study introduces the effects of surface doping, vacancy defects and surface oxidation on its floatability. The activation mechanisms of ions and flotation agents are reviewed: copper and lead ions form active sites for the adsorption of collector on pyrite surface and promote the adsorption of collectors; acid activators remove hydrophilic precipitation and oxidation products on the surface of pyrite; salt activators react with atoms on pyrite surface to change the surface properties and hydrated layer structure, thereby promoting pyrite flotation. The focus on the surface properties of pyrite including observation, characterization, accurate calculation and simulation during activation, can provide a credible scientific basis for the development of efficient and clean activators, rational utilization of resources and environmental protection.
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Key words:
- Pyrite /
- Surface properties /
- Activation /
- Flotation /
- Density functional theory
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