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摘要:
这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。为综合评价四川可尔因选锂尾矿锂辉石再选可行性，开展了选锂尾矿矿石工艺矿物学研究及选矿全流程实验研究。通过MLA/AMICS矿物自动分析、LA-ICP-MS激光剥蚀原位分析等技术手段，查明了该尾矿样品中的矿物成分、样品中锂的赋存状态等；在一系列探索实验的基础上，确定了“磨矿-脱泥-浮锂-强磁除杂”的选锂工艺流程。针对Li2O品位0.51%的选锂尾矿，采用自主研发的高效锂辉石捕收剂EM-PN10，经一粗一扫四精浮选闭路流程，获得了Li2O品位4.32%，Li2O回收率60.23%的浮选锂精矿，浮选锂精矿经强磁除铁后，最终获得了Li2O品位5.07%，回收率（相对于原矿）59.21%的锂精矿产品。实验确定的锂辉石再选回收利用研究成果可为该类选锂尾矿资源利用提供一定技术支撑。
Abstract:This is an essay in the field of mineral processing engineering. In order to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of spodumene beneficiation of certain lithium tailings in Sichuan, the mineralogy study of the lithium tailings beneficiation process and the test study of the whole beneficiation process were carried out. Through MLA/AMICS automatic mineral analysis, LA-ICP-MS laser ablation in-situ analysis and other technical means, the mineral composition of the tailings sample and the occurrence state of lithium in the sample were found; On the basis of a series of exploratory tests, the lithium separation process of "grinding-desliming-floating" was determined. For the lithium tailings with a Li2O grade of 0.51%, the high-efficient spodumene collector EM-PN10 is used to obtain a flotation spodumene concentrate with a Li2O grade of 4.32% and a Li2O recovery of 60.23% through a closed flotation process of one roughing, one sweeping and four finishing. After the flotation lithium concentrate is subjected to high-intensity magnetic separation, a spodumene concentrate with a Li2O grade of 5.07% and a recovery of 59.21% (relative to the raw ore) is finally obtained. The recovery and utilization index of spodumene determined by the test can provide certain technical support for the utilization of this kind of spodumene tailings.
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表 1 实验矿样化学多元素分析结果 /%
Table 1. Chemical composition of the ore sample
Li2O Nb2O5 Ta2O5 Rb2O Sn SiO2 MgO Al2O3 CaO K2O Na2O Fe2O3 MnO S P2O5 0.50 0.0024 0.007 0.11 0.016 70.26 0.08 16.40 0.40 3.18 4.31 0.39 0.08 0.013 0.79 
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表 2 实验矿样粒度组成
Table 2. Particle size composition of the ore sample
粒级/mm 产率/% Li2O品位/% Li2O分布率/% +0.15 19.46 0.76 29.00 -0.15+0.10 14.18 0.72 20.12 -0.10+0.0.074 11.19 0.51 11.19 -0.074+0.045 14.30 0.36 10.09 -0.045+0.038 4.26 0.29 2.42 -0.038 36.61 0.38 27.28 合计 100.00 0.51 100.00
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表 3 浮选开路实验结果
Table 3. Result of open-circuit flotation test
产品名称 产率/% Li2O品位/% Li2O回收率/% 浮选锂精矿 4.04 4.57 36.95 泥 14.27 0.43 12.28 中矿Ⅳ 1.63 3.56 11.61 中矿Ⅲ 1.97 2.87 11.32 中矿Ⅱ 1.76 1.33 4.68 中矿Ⅰ 3.04 0.81 4.93 扫精 2.28 0.88 4.02 尾矿 71.01 0.10 14.21 实验矿样 100.00 0.50 100.00
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表 4 浮选闭路实验结果
Table 4. Result of closed-circuit flotation test
产品名称 产率/% Li2O品位/% Li2O回收率/% 浮选锂精矿 7.11 4.32 60.23 尾矿 78.65 0.18 27.76 泥 14.24 0.43 12.01 实验矿样 100.00 0.51 100.00
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表 5 浮选锂精矿强磁除铁实验结果
Table 5. Result of high intensity magnetic separation test
产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% Li2O TFe Li2O TFe 磁性物 15.65 0.61 11.65 2.18 83.41 锂精矿（磁选尾矿） 84.35 5.07 0.43 97.82 16.59 给矿（浮选锂精矿） 100.00 4.37 2.19 100.00 100.00
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表 6 选锂尾矿锂辉石再选全流程实验结果
Table 6. Result of full process separation test of the ore sample
产品名称 产率/% Li2O品位/% Li2O回收率/% 锂精矿 6.00 5.07 59.21 尾矿 78.65 0.18 27.55 泥 14.24 0.43 11.92 磁性物 1.11 0.61 1.32 实验给矿样 100.00 0.51 100.00
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表 7 最终锂精矿产品化学多元素分析结果/%
Table 7. Multi-element analysis result of the final lithium concentrate
Li2O BeO Nb2O5 Ta2O5 Sn SiO2 MgO Al2O3 Fe2O3 K2O Na2O P2O5 MnO Rb2O Cs2O CaO S 5.07 0.38 0.0035 0.0019 0.045 65.63 0.14 22.47 0.53 0.79 0.83 0.028 0.022 0.028 0.012 0.47 0.026
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