Effect of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Flotation Separation of Inhibited Fluorite and Calcite in Sodium Humate System
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摘要:
这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。我国萤石主要以共伴生型矿床形式存在，在浮选过程中，通常将其他有用矿物优先浮选，大量萤石存在于尾矿中。本文以浮钨尾矿中受抑制的萤石、方解石为对象，加入超声波改变两者可浮性，探究一种优化浮钨尾矿中萤石综合利用水平的方法。通过超声预处理受腐殖酸钠抑制矿浆39 min，萤石浮选回收率达到84.74%，此时方解石浮选回收率仅为11.47%，两者浮选回收率相差73.27%。探究超声预处理机理发现，在红外光谱检测中，萤石表面腐殖酸钠吸附强度低于方解石，超声预处理可以使萤石表面腐殖酸钠脱附，提高表面油酸钠吸附量，使zeta电位向正向移动，并且超声预处理主要影响矿物表面腐殖酸钠的含量，不影响矿物表面油酸钠的含量。若超声预处理时矿浆体系仅存在腐殖酸钠，则腐殖酸钠脱附速度更快，更有利于吸附后续添加的油酸钠。
Abstract:This is an essay in the field of mineral processing engineering. In China, fluorite mainly exists in the form of concomitant deposits. In the flotation process, other useful minerals are usually preferentially floated, and a large amount of fluorite exists in tailings. In this paper, the restrained fluorite and calcite in the floating tungsten tailings are taken as objects, and ultrasonic wave is added to change the floatability of the two, so as to explore a method to optimize the comprehensive utilization level of fluorite in the floating tungsten tailings. After ultrasonic pretreatment of pulp inhibited by sodium humate for 39 min, the flotation recovery of fluorite reached 84.74%, while the flotation recovery of calcite was only 11.47%, with a difference of 73.27%. Exploring the mechanism of ultrasonic pretreatment, it is found that the absorption intensity of sodium humate on the surface of fluorite is lower than that of calcite in the infrared spectrum detection. Ultrasonic pretreatment can desorb the sodium humate on the surface of fluorite, increase the absorption amount of sodium oleate on the surface, and make the zeta potential move forward; In addition, ultrasonic pretreatment mainly affects the content of sodium humate on the mineral surface, but does not affect the content of sodium oleate on the mineral surface. If only sodium humate exists in the slurry system during ultrasonic pretreatment, the sodium humate desorption speed is faster, which is more conducive to adsorbing the sodium oleate added subsequently.
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Key words:
- Mineral processing engineering /
- Ultrasonic pretreatment /
- Sodium humate /
- Sodium oleate /
- Fluorite /
- Calcite
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表 1 萤石、方解石单矿物化学成分分析结果/%
Table 1. Analysis of single mineral chemical composition of fluorite and calcite
样品名称 CaF2 CaO SiO2 MgO Al2O3 纯度 萤石 99.15 - 0.38 0.13 0.18 99.15 方解石 - 55.03 0.88 0.37 0.15 98.30 
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表 2 实验药剂
Table 2. Test reagent
药剂名称 分子式 品级 盐酸 HCl 分析纯 氢氧化钠 NaOH 分析纯 腐殖酸钠 C9H8O4Na2 分析纯 油酸钠 C17H33COONa 分析纯 氯化钾 KCl 分析纯
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