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摘要:
这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。几十年来，太空探索一直是炙手可热的话题，随着嫦娥五号的发射，正式开启了我国首次地外天体采样返回之旅，象征着我国月球基地建设方案正式提上日程。月球探索是人类进行深空探索的第一步，月球原位资源利用对于月球探索具有重大意义。增材制造是进行月球原位资源利用建设月球基地的有效手段。本文阐述了月壤的基本特性以及模拟月壤的特点及组成，重点总结了目前国内外模拟月壤增材制造的研究进展。提出了面向月球风化层（即月壤）的增材制造关键技术的重要挑战。围绕我国月球基地建设工程，讨论了增材制造技术的发展前景与可能的实施途径。
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关键词:
- 陶瓷及复合材料 /
- 增材制造 /
- 模拟月壤 /
- 原位资源利用(ISRU) /
- 成形精度
Abstract:This is an essay in the field of ceramics and composites. For decades, space exploration has been a hot topic. With the launch of Chang'e 5, China officially opened the first extraterrestrial celestial body sampling return journey. The lunar base construction program in China is officially on the agenda. Lunar exploration is the first step for human to conduct deep space exploration, and the utilization of lunar in-situ resources is of great significance for lunar exploration. Additive manufacturing is an effective means to carry out in-situ lunar resource utilization to build a lunar base. This paper describes the basic properties of lunar soil and the characteristics and composition of simulated lunar soil, and focuses on summarizing the current research progress of simulated lunar soil additive manufacturing in China and abroad. Important challenges are presented for the key technology of additive manufacturing for the lunar weathering layer (i.e., lunar soil). The development prospect of additive manufacturing technology and possible ways of implementation are discussed around China's lunar base construction project.
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表 1 月壤的颗粒形态
Table 1. Particle morphology of lunar soil
参数 平均比值 描述 延性 1.35 稍长条状 长度直径比 0.55 稍长条状至中等长条状 圆度轮廓 0.21 次棱角状 平行光 0.22 棱角状 体积系数 0.3 长条状 比表面积/(m2/g) 0.5 不规则、凹角状 
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成分 Apollo11 Apollo14 JSC-1 MLS-1 CAS-1 NEU-1 南京月壤 CUG-/A LRS CLRS-2 SiO2 42.2 48.1 47.71 43.86 49.24 44.92 48.05 47.54 41.89 TiO2 7.8 1.7 1.59 6.32 1.91 2.87 1.18 1.74 7.62 Al2O3 13.6 17.4 15.02 13.68 15.8 17.23 17.08 14.01 13.41 FeO 15.3 10.4 7.35 13.4 11.47 13.09 13.84 10.28 15.90 Fe2O3 — — 3.44 2.6 — — — — — MgO 7.8 9.4 9.01 6.68 8.72 4.37 0.14 9.77 7.06 CaO 11.9 10.7 10.42 10.13 7.25 9.44 5.58 7.14 9.70 Cr2O3 0.3 0.23 0.04 — — 0.04 — — — Na2O 0.47 0.7 2.7 2.12 3.08 3.79 8.45 4.57 2.34 K2O 0.16 0.55 0.82 0.28 1.03 3.01 2.56 3.38 0.78 MnO 0.2 0.14 0.18 0.2 0.14 0.34 1.2 0.13 0.20 P2O5 0.05 0.51 0.66 0.2 0.3 0.54 0.61 0.74 0.25 SO3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.71 合计 99.78 99.83 98.94 99.47 98.94 99.64 98.89 99.81 99.86
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