Environmental Properties of Natural Porous Mineral Materials and Their Application in Agricultural Production
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摘要:
这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。天然多孔矿物具有孔道结构、表面效应、环境水合效应、离子交换特性和良好的吸附能力等环境属性，对地球的生态环境具有良好的协调性，并能应用于农业肥料、土壤改良、饲料养殖等多个农业生产方面。基于天然多孔矿物及其矿物材料的环境属性，开发其在农业生产和农业生态环境的特殊功能应该得到研究者的重视。天然多孔矿物自净化功能是大自然赋予地球生物生存发展的一种潜在功能，其资源特性和环境属性非常适合于我国土壤修复和绿色农业生产的应用条件，具有重要的研究和经济意义。
Abstract:This is an article in the field of ceramics and composites. Natural porous minerals have many environmental attributes, such as pore structure, surface effect, environmental hydration effect, ion exchange characteristics and good adsorption capacity. The natural porous minerals have good harmony with the earth's ecological environment and can be applied to agricultural fertilizers, soil reclamation, feed breeding and other aspects of agricultural production. Based on the environmental attributes of natural porous minerals and their mineral materials, researchers should pay attention to exploiting their special functions in agricultural production and agricultural ecological environment. The self-purification function of natural porous minerals is a potential function endowed by nature for the survival and development of the earth's environment. Its resource characteristics and environmental attributes are very suitable for the application conditions of soil remediation and green agricultural production in China. The research on using natural porous minerals in agricultural production has an important economic influence on society.
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表 1 近五年来天然多孔矿物及其改性材料在土壤环境修复中的应用
Table 1. Application of natural porous minerals and their modified materials in soil environmental remediation in the past five years
材料 改性方法 应用 特征 沸石[25] 酸碱处理改性、微生物修饰改性、和接枝改性 土壤中铅、镉、锌等重金属元素的固定化 具有三维孔隙结构、吸附能力强、表面活性高和较强的离子交换能力 膨润土[26] 有机包覆处理改性、沉淀反应改性、热处理改性 土壤中铬、镍、汞重金属和部分有机污染物的吸附 比表面积大、较高的离子交换能力、吸附性能强和具备部分再生能力 海泡石[27] 羟基化改性、有机修饰改性、和微生物修饰改性 土壤中镉、铅等重金属的钝化和农药类污染物吸附 具有较高的离子交换能力和吸附性能强，且其表面容易羟基化等性能 硅藻土[28] 羟基化改性、金属氧化物改性和表面巯基改性 土壤中铜、锌、镉重金属元素和菲类污染物的吸附 多孔的粘土性矿物、较好的生物相容性、良好的吸附性和来源广泛的特点 蒙脱石[29] 表面巯基改性、微生物修饰改性和有机酸处理改性 土壤中铜、镉、汞重金属的钝化和酚类污染物吸附 多孔的粘土性矿物和具有较高的离子吸附能力 凹凸棒石[30] 酸碱改性、有机修饰改性和热活化 土壤中镉、铜、铀金属元素的钝化和酚类污染物吸附 纤维状特性、较强的离子交换性和化学惰性 
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