铁尾矿中磷灰石旋转摩擦静电分选提纯

张龙宇; 吴中贤; 申有悦; 陶东平

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2024.02.026

铁尾矿中磷灰石旋转摩擦静电分选提纯

1.
山东理工大学资源与环境工程学院，山东　淄博　255049

2.
中国矿业大学　化学工程学院，江苏　徐州　221116

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51804188)

详细信息

作者简介: 张龙宇（1999-），男，硕士，主要从事细颗粒摩擦静电分选研究

通讯作者: 陶东平（1962-），男，博士，博士生导师，研究方向为矿物加工工程。

中图分类号: TD951

收稿日期: 2023-11-17

刊出日期: 2024-04-25

Apatite Enrichment from Iron Ore Tailings by Rotary Triboelectrostatic Separator

1.
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, China

2.
School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China

More Information

Corresponding author: TAO Dongping, dptao@qq.com

Received Date: 17 November 2023

Publish Date: 25 April 2024

摘要

摘要:
这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。我国许多铁尾矿中含有磷灰石等宝贵磷矿资源，但目前缺乏经济有效的分选技术将它分离出来利用。旋转摩擦静电分选技术具有无需水和药剂，环境污染小、能耗低等优点。本文重点考查了紫铜、不锈钢、铝和PVC四种不同摩擦材料对铁尾矿中磷灰石、石英、长石和钛铁矿等主要组成矿物荷电特性的影响。研究了沈家铁尾矿中磷灰石分选富集性能随旋转摩擦静电分选技术主要参数的变化规律并确定了较佳条件。结果表明，PVC摩擦后的磷灰石与其他矿物的荷电差异较大。在实际铁尾矿分选实验中，当摩擦起电器转速为5000 r/min，给料速度为50 g/min，协风风速为0.5 m/s，进风风速为0.6 m/s时,获得了磷精矿P₂O₅品位27.6%、回收率49.3%的良好指标，实现了铁尾矿中磷灰石的有效分选提纯。
- 矿物加工工程 /
- 摩擦荷电 /
- 磷灰石 /
- 静电分选 /
- 铁矿尾矿
Abstract:
This is an article in the field of mineral processing engineering. Many iron ore tailings in China contain precious phosphorite resources, such as apatite, but there is a lack of economic and effective separation methods to separate and utilize them. The rotary triboelectric separation (RTS) technique has the advantages of low environmental pollution and energy consumption without the usage of water and reagents. This paper emphatically investigated the effect of different friction materials including copper, stainless steel, aluminum and PVC (polyvinyl chloride) on the charging characteristics of pure minerals of apatite, quartz, or thoclase and ilmenite which were the main components of iron ore tailings. The variation of apatite separation and enrichment performance in Shenjia iron tailings with the primary rotary triboelectrostatic separation parameters was studied and the optimum conditions were determined. It was concluded that apatite rubbed with PVC showed the greatest difference in the charge-mass ratio with other minerals. In the actual subsequent tests of apatite from iron ore tailings, a reasonably good separation performance with an apatite concentrate of 27.6% P₂O₅ grade at 49.3% P₂O₅ recovery was obtained under the conditions of rotary charger rotation speed 5000 r/min, feed rate 50 g/min, co-flow airvelocity 0.5 m/s, feed flow air velocity 0.6 m/s, accomplishing the effective separation and purification of apatite in iron tailings.
- Mineral processing engineering /
- Friction charging /
- Apatite /
- Electrostatic separation /
- Iron ore tailings

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图 1 样品中主要矿物粒度组成

Figure 1.

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图 2 粒子在分选室内受力和运动状态

Figure 2.

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图 3 紫铜(a)、不锈钢(b)、铝(c)、PVC(d)在不同起电器转速下对矿物摩擦荷电大小及极性的影响

Figure 3.

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图 4 磷灰石与钛铁矿(a)、长石(b)及石英(c)在不同起电器转速下荷电差异

Figure 4.

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图 5 摩擦起电器转速对磷灰石富集效果的影响

Figure 5.

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图 6 给矿速度对磷灰石富集效果的影响

Figure 6.

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图 7 协风风速对磷灰石富集效果的影响

Figure 7.

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图 8 进风风速对磷灰石富集效果的影响

Figure 8.

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表 1 样品主要矿物组成/%

Table 1. Main mineral composition of the samples

磷灰石	石英	长石	钛铁矿	黑云母	辉石	铁角闪石	黄铁矿	榍石	磁铁矿	金红石	方解石	其他	总计
20.44	18.25	15.74	14.42	5.83	5.16	3.67	3.16	2.00	1.67	0.79	0.73	1.64	100.00

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表 2 样品化合物分析结果/%

Table 2. Compound analysis results of samples

P₂O₅	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	Al₂O₃	CaO	TiO₂	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O
8.64	46.69	13.01	11.09	9.61	6.18	5.7	2.37	1.97

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表 3 磷灰石的连体情况统计

Table 3. Statistics of apatite hyphenation

嵌布类型	自由表面	与黑云母	与长石	与石英	与钛铁矿	与辉石	与其他	总计
分布率/%	97.66	0.30	0.58	0.20	0.25	0.37	0.65	100.00

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表 4 纯矿物的多元素分析结果

Table 4. Results of multielement analysis of pure minerals

磷灰石	名称	P₂O₅	CaO	MgO	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	F
磷灰石	含量/%	38.71	55.63	0.20	2.10	1.38	1.98

石英	名称	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	MgO	Fe₂O₃	P₂O₅
石英	含量/%	99.46	0.39	0.09	0.03	0.01	0.02

长石	名称	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Na₂O	Fe₂O₃	K₂O	其他
长石	含量/%	65.51	17.53	2.07	1.02	11.82	2.05

钛铁矿	名称	TiO₂	FeO	MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	其他
钛铁矿	含量/%	51.06	38.76	4.80	2.07	1.58	1.73

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