Characteristics and Distribution of Geothermal-type Lithium Resources in Southern Xizang
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摘要:
这是一篇矿业工程领域的论文。西藏南部是我国高温地热带的主要分布区之一，拥有丰富的地热资源。地热水化学分析测试结果显示，西藏南部高温地热带地热水中的锂含量最高可达34.51 mg/L，地热锂的相对丰度明显优于北美西部高原的克莱顿谷和南美安第斯高原的乌尤尼等世界典型的高原型盐湖卤水锂的相对丰度的盐湖卤水，镁锂比大部分小于3，有利于卤水提锂。西藏南部高温地热带地热水中锂含量较高的区域均分布在雅鲁藏布江缝合带及其以南地区，与富锂岩石的分布范围一致，同时雅鲁藏布江缝合带及其以南地区地热水的Cl-Na型地热水比北部的更多，南部地热水的TDS更高，循环路径更长。根据地热水的氢氧稳定同位素和周围富锂盐湖卤水中锂的物源推断了地热水锂的物源主要有两种，分别是地热水对富锂岩石的溶滤作用和岩浆分异过程中形成的富锂岩浆热液。
Abstract:This is an article in the field of mining engineering. The Southern Xizang is one of the main distribution areas of high temperature geothermal zones in China with rich geothermal resources. The chemical analysis and test results of the geothermal water show that the lithium content in the geothermal water of the high temperature geothermal zone in Southern Xizang can reach 34.51 mg/L, and the relative abundance of geothermal lithium is obviously better than that of the world's typical plateau Salt Lake brines, such as Clayton Valley in the Western Plateau of North America and Uyuni in the Andes Plateau of South America. The lithium magnesium ratio is mostly less than 3, which is conducive to lithium extraction from brine. The areas with high lithium content in the geothermal water of the high temperature geothermal zones in Southern Xizang are all distributed in the the Yarlung Zangbo River suture zone and the areas to the south, consistent with the distribution range of lithium rich rocks. At the same time, the Yarlung Zangbo River suture zone and its south area have more Cl-Na geothermal water than the north, and the south has higher TDS and longer circulation path. Based on the stable isotopic composition of hydrogen and oxygen in geothermal water and the provenance of lithium in the surrounding lithium-rich Salt Lake brine, it is inferred that the main sources of lithium in the geothermal water are leaching of lithium-rich rocks by geothermal water and lithium-rich magmatic hydrothermal solutions formed during magmatic differentiation.
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表 1 西藏南部代表性地热水化学组分分析结果
Table 1. Chemical composition analysis results of representative geothermal water in Southern Xizang
地热带 样品
编号pH值 温度/℃ 水化学类型 浓度/（mg/L） TDS Na+ K+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Cl- HCO3- SO42- CO32- Li 申扎-定结
地热带G101 9.17 86.0 Na-Cl·HCO3 2 211 561.50 72.44 1.23 3.88 595.43 416.24 30.83 143.58 17.65 G102 9.27 82.0 Na-SO4·HCO3 418 101.32 4.03 0.33 1.97 29.76 88.13 77.25 14.29 0.339 G103 8.21 84.0 Na-HCO3·Cl 1 612 422.61 48.68 0.11 3.11 276.07 635.68 83.56 0.00 10.78 G104 8.04 69.0 Na-HCO3 814 226.07 22.83 3.02 25.96 64.28 529.42 79.88 0.00 0.96 G105 7.18 77.0 Na-HCO3 988 291.37 23.01 9.25 36.67 91.88 782.13 48.39 0.00 1.12 G106 6.77 59.0 Na-Cl·HCO3 2 929 680.00 70.78 11.95 107.68 797.00 774.10 165.43 0.00 23.84 G107 6.86 28.5 Na-Cl·HCO3 2 614 584.88 68.08 9.78 120.16 660.25 755.53 144.92 0.00 20.74 G108 7.68 28.2 Na-Cl·HCO3 3 241 719.08 70.27 16.28 164.18 873.81 867.54 189.60 0.00 23.67 G109 7.25 44.5 Na-Cl·HCO3 2 503 576.22 59.82 7.80 104.52 682.28 682.39 139.39 0.00 20.1 G110 7.68 47.6 Na-HCO3·Cl 419 120.29 6.36 1.50 19.26 47.97 287.31 25.60 0.00 0.352 G111 7.86 62.0 Na-HCO3 653 181.17 9.55 2.27 25.01 56.77 345.22 88.05 0.00 0.593 G112 7.64 60.1 Na-HCO3 623 182.18 9.73 1.59 20.63 57.53 352.10 67.62 0.00 0.577 G113 8.29 40.3 Na-HCO3 601 184.33 9.82 0.85 14.88 56.67 365.56 35.31 8.88 0.621 G114 7.91 60.2 Na-HCO3·Cl 417 121.21 6.76 0.56 15.73 47.59 259.27 30.89 0.00 0.427 亚东-谷露
地热带G201 8.7 75.0 Na-SO4·Cl 608 142.93 7.73 0.21 10.57 88.57 72.39 123.80 10.73 1.45 G202 8.44 77.0 Na-SO4·Cl·HCO3 613 157.80 7.36 0.46 8.91 93.22 93.91 129.31 10.98 1.475 G203 7.34 49.0 Na-Cl·SO4·HCO3 2 767 731.57 34.84 10.13 164.51 573.88 597.05 696.37 0.00 4.015 G204 8.83 50.0 Na-SO4·Cl 805 215.91 4.77 0.09 13.52 141.15 27.71 235.13 6.80 0.524 G205 7.64 86.9 Na-Cl·HCO3 1 385 391.16 42.73 0.10 2.41 339.44 413.42 53.96 0.00 9.068 G206 9.5 82.3 Na-SO4·Cl·HCO3 1 295 329.76 21.08 0.41 2.76 145.47 242.16 202.91 86.50 8.511 G207 8.77 79.8 Na-Cl·HCO3 1 313 357.49 42.35 0.22 2.82 331.65 289.48 45.98 40.05 0.425 G208 9.11 - Na-HCO3·Cl·SO4 1 454 360.45 33.44 0.10 3.79 152.29 389.91 203.32 53.55 13.31 亚东-谷露
地热带G209 8.02 85.4 Na-HCO3·Cl 817 179.31 13.34 9.57 33.49 84.28 422.26 85.96 0.00 4.88 G210 7 26.5 Na-HCO3·Cl·SO4 1 517 398.75 36.73 0.22 9.76 151.65 606.10 202.67 0.00 10.71 G211 7.75 85.0 Na-HCO3·Cl·SO4 1 244 364.46 20.08 0.74 16.00 149.88 529.17 200.08 0.00 12.52 G212 9.32 79.8 Na-SO4·HCO3·Cl 1 264 326.17 23.50 0.57 3.07 149.40 258.27 208.88 65.87 12.28 G213 9.2 86.1 Na-HCO3·SO4·Cl 1 249 322.99 18.61 0.09 3.26 146.67 281.90 205.45 54.12 12.33 G214 8.5 85.8 Na-HCO3·Cl·SO4 1 115 291.53 15.51 0.09 2.23 143.12 262.30 191.49 20.73 9.744 G215 9.59 50.4 Na-SO4·Cl·HCO3·CO3 1 431 374.81 20.72 0.10 1.97 170.66 242.20 231.87 102.02 13.01 G216 9.2 46.3 Na-HCO3·Cl·SO4 1 214 316.32 16.55 0.22 6.78 147.00 270.95 196.92 60.61 10.38 G217 8.87 50.2 Na-HCO3 245 46.10 3.42 0.04 1.36 10.23 88.26 7.43 9.57 0.064 G218 9.02 51.8 Na-SO4·Cl 669 174.36 7.09 0.10 6.34 100.41 66.05 153.30 20.57 1.872 G219 6.92 54.7 Na-HCO3 2 335 801.63 37.96 4.88 53.50 161.53 1 592.19 344.02 0.00 4.352 G220 9.1 44.0 Na-Cl 552 173.05 1.77 0.09 7.11 191.03 37.81 60.30 15.18 0.3 错那-沃卡
地热带G301 6.95 80.0 Na-HCO3·Cl 1 602 459.57 46.31 8.04 49.42 276.56 867.86 88.19 0.00 3.928 G302 8.34 73.8 Na-Cl·HCO3 2 875 673.25 67.06 0.24 4.59 591.50 460.24 142.23 53.20 23.94 G303 8.83 74.9 Na-Cl·HCO3 2 828 648.05 73.19 0.49 4.22 574.94 373.27 131.38 114.52 24.4 G304 8.33 87.3 Na-Cl·HCO3 2 856 638.55 83.13 0.57 3.91 588.62 393.06 146.59 52.86 23.38 G305 7.61 43.1 Na-HCO3 917 339.52 16.04 2.06 14.11 35.41 948.61 18.13 0.00 0.562 G306 7.66 72.1 Na-Cl·HCO3 2 459 563.14 72.56 0.21 9.45 539.21 457.70 147.03 0.00 20.68 G307 7.83 80.02 Na-Cl·HCO3 2 329 535.50 68.60 0.20 4.36 533.89 318.82 148.90 21.53 19.16 G308 8.78 82.0 Na-Cl 1 954 471.81 56.55 0.81 5.16 479.27 189.80 151.02 68.41 17.51 G309 8.7 72.1 Na-Cl 1 994 480.01 65.79 0.82 5.61 491.40 211.43 154.07 60.81 17.49 G310 7.69 60.4 Na-Cl·HCO3 1 856 463.14 51.26 0.54 18.72 464.82 326.12 148.11 0.00 16.35 G311 6.78 56.3 Na-Cl·HCO3 2 513 581.56 67.19 11.64 81.07 625.84 780.68 130.44 0.00 23.71 G312 6.99 67.0 Na-Cl·HCO3 2 090 480.76 50.86 14.33 87.20 458.02 779.45 145.21 0.00 16.52 G313 6.5 30.0 Ca·Na-HCO3·Cl 1 496 159.23 27.23 39.15 237.27 207.74 821.91 203.71 0.00 8.815 G314 6.91 53.0 Na-Cl·HCO3 3 089 720.52 79.66 9.66 98.37 921.83 872.09 91.27 0.00 34.51 G315 7.06 64.2 Na-Cl·HCO3 2 958 671.50 91.29 13.92 122.86 844.08 823.35 119.99 0.00 31.67 G316 6.6 32.8 Na-Cl·HCO3 3 053 680.65 93.40 13.88 133.12 862.38 834.95 132.96 0.00 31.53 G317 6.87 63.0 Ca·Na-SO4·HCO3·Cl 1 512 217.69 27.38 20.05 195.78 189.40 382.83 503.10 0.00 2.855 G318 8.14 80.0 Na-HCO3·Cl 1 557 529.87 12.00 3.05 12.36 185.89 1 032.90 94.21 0.00 1.372 
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地点 盐湖/地热田 TDS/（g/L） Li/% Li/TDS （相对丰度） Mg/Li 北美西部高原 克莱顿谷 186 0.023 0.001 237 1.43 大盐湖 202 0.004 0.000 198 2.50 索尔顿海 293 0.026 6 0.000 908 0.16 南美安第斯高原 乌尤尼 231 0.05 0.002 165 8.40 阿塔卡玛 206 0.15 0.007 282 6.40 霍姆布雷托 254 0.062 0.002 441 1.40 中国青藏高原 班戈湖 68.5 0.010 4 0.104 0.64 扎仓茶卡 210 0.042 6 0.002 029 15.96 察尔汗盐湖 358 0.012 4 0.000 346 517.34 一里坪 327 0.026 2 0.000 801 92.30 西藏南部地热水 谢通门 2.929 0.002 384 0.008 139 0.50 措美-古堆 2.875 0.002 394 0.008 327 0.01 羊易 3.089 0.003 451 0.011 172 0.28
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盐湖卤
水分类富锂、低镁锂比
碳酸盐型卤水中低镁锂
比盐湖卤水高镁锂比盐湖卤水 低锂、高镁锂
比盐湖卤水Mg/Li比 小于0.1 0.1～10 10～100 10～100 合适的提锂技术 盐梯度太阳池
提锂法（盐析法）分步沉淀法 煅烧法 萃取法 电渗析膜法 纳滤膜法 吸附法 代表
盐湖青藏高原扎
布耶盐湖智利
阿塔
卡玛盐湖青海
西台
吉乃尔盐湖青海
大柴
旦盐湖青海
东台吉
乃尔盐湖青海
西台
吉乃尔盐湖青海
察尔汗盐湖成本 2万元/t 2万元/t / 5万元/t 3万元/t 3万元/t 3万元/t
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