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摘要:
这是一篇矿山生态修复领域的论文。铝土矿区土壤重金属特征对于土地复垦方式优选具有重要意义。以山西铝土矿复垦区土壤为研究对象。采用五步提取法对深部和浅部复垦区土壤重金属含量特征进行了提取测量研究。研究结果表明，深部和浅部两种复垦方式土壤中重金属含量存在较大差别，深部复垦区整体高于浅部复垦区，重金属Zn的含量是浅部复垦区土壤中的5.93倍，深部复垦区中重金属Zn对土壤的污染最为严重，其次为Ni，浅部复垦区中重金属含量明显低于其标准值，未超过标准中规定的最低限制值；深部复垦区土壤Zn的变异系数最大，达到62.58%，重金属Zn的含量受外界影响较大，浅部复垦区中重金属Cr和Zn的变异系数分别为37.85%和31.06%，受外界影响一般；深部和浅部复垦区土壤中重金属Pb的RSP值最大，对环境影响最大，其他三种重金属无污染；铝土矿废石中重金属Zn、Pb含量随粒度的增大而减少，对于周围土壤具有显著积累及运移，其复垦对环境产生一定的影响。
Abstract:This is an article in the field of ecological restoration of mines. The characteristics of soil heavy metals in bauxite mining areas are of great significance for the optimization of land reclamation methods. Taking the soil of Shanxi bauxite reclamation area as the research object, a five-step extraction method was used to extract and measure the characteristics of soil heavy metal content in deep and shallow reclamation areas. The results show that there is a big difference in the content of heavy metals in the soil of the deep and shallow reclamation methods. The deep reclamation area is generally higher than the shallow reclamation area, and the content of heavy metal Zn is 5.93 times than that of the shallow reclamation area, the heavy metal Zn in the deep reclamation area has the most serious pollution to the soil, followed by Ni, the heavy metal content in the shallow reclamation area is obviously lower than its standard value, and does not exceed the minimum limit value specified in the standard. The coefficient of variation of soil Zn in the deep reclamation area is the largest, reaching 62.58%, and the content of heavy metal Zn is greatly affected by the outside world. The RSP value of the heavy metal Pb in the soil of the deep and shallow reclamation areas is the largest, which has the greatest impact on the environment, and the other three heavy metals have no pollution. The content of heavy metals Zn and Pb in the bauxite waste rock decreases with the increase of particle size, which has a significant accumulation and migration to the surrounding soil, and its reclamation has a certain impact on the environment.
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Key words:
- Metal mines /
- Heavy metals /
- Soil pollution /
- Reclamation areas /
- Morphological distribution
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表 1 铝土矿废石中重金属含量特征
Table 1. Characteristics of heavy metal content in bauxite waste stone
铝土矿废石粒度/mm Zn/（mg/kg） Pb/（mg/kg） 0.38 250 1 720 0.18 220 960.0 0.12 180 780.0 
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表 2 重金属元素的形态
Table 2. Morphology of the heavy metal elements
形态特征 Zn/（mg/kg） Pb/（mg/kg） 可交换态 19.20 13.20 碳酸盐岩结合态 20.80 78.24 铁锰氧化物结合态 30.20 480.4 有机物和硫化物结合态 28.50 99.62 残余态 151.3 1 004.2
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