The Planform Geometry of the Incised Meanders from Yibin to Yichang in the Yangtze Catchment
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摘要: 长江流域内的四川盆地和三峡地区分布着大量深切河曲，记录了曲流河的原始形态，通过分析深切河曲的形态可以了解地质历史时期古曲流河的相关信息。本文采用小波分析方法，利用软件MStaT从遥感影像中提取了深切河曲的干支流交汇角、小波功率谱、弯曲度、弧波长和振幅等参数。与现代曲流河进行对比后发现：在深切河曲中，交汇角为钝角的情况较为常见，占比为30.3%；在交汇点附近，干支流交汇作用对小波功率谱的影响较为显著，但是远离交汇点的小波功率谱则基本保持不变；大部分河流的弯曲度、弧波长和振幅等参数呈现出从上游至下游逐渐升高的趋势。从河谷形态分析上也可知：以嘉陵江为代表的深切河曲，其河谷形态以对称河谷为主，这表明河曲在下切形成深切河曲的过程中，河道的形态并没有发生大规模的变化。根据上述现象可推测，河道交汇角为钝角的情况并不能作为古长江流向发生倒转的证据；长江流域宜宾至宜昌段曾经是地形起伏度很低的准平原（或宽阔河谷），现今的深切河曲是古曲流河发生深切后而形成；长江在四川盆地和三峡地区应当为“叠置河”成因，长江在现今河道上并没有发生过倒流。Abstract: Many incised meanders exist in the Yangtze catchment, because their shapes are a good indication of the morphological characteristics of them and the historial information can be obtained. In this paper, the MStaT was used to get the junction angles of main rivers and tributaries, wavelet spectra, sinuosity, arc-wavelengths, and amplitudes of incised meanders from remote sensing images, using based on wavelet analysis. Comparinged with the modern meanders, the appearances of obtuse junction angles are common, accounting for 30.3%. Near the junction points, the effects of main channel junction have a significant impact on the wavelet energy spectrum, but the wavelet energy spectrum that away from the junction point is basically unchanged. Most rivers' curvature, arc wavelength and amplitude parameters have shown a trend of gradually rising from upstream to downstream. From the analysis of valley morphology, it can also be seen that the valley shape of the deep river curve represented by Jialing River is mainly symmetrical valley, which indicates that the river shape has not changed on a large scale in the process of forming the deep river curve. According to the above phenomenon, we speculate that the situation where the rivers' junction angle is obtuse cannot be used as evidence of reversing the flow of the ancient Yangtze River. The Yibin to Yichang section of the Yangtze River Basin was once a peneplain (or wide river valley) with low terrain. Incised meanders are formed by the ancient meanders in the process of deep curve. The Yangtze River should be the cause of the "superimposed" in the Sichuan Basin and the Three Gorges regions. The flow direction of incised meanders has not been reversed on the river channels today.
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