Application of Satellite-Aerial-Terrestrial-Underground Approach in Site Investigation with Complex Geological Characteristics
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摘要: 复杂地质条件下的场地调查往往受地形起伏、断裂构造复杂、水文地质条件变化剧烈、人类工程扰动强烈等因素影响，存在调查范围缺乏科学性、调查尺度与精度难以协同平衡导致总体工作量部署高而高风险区表征精度相对不足。本文通过融合“星空界”、“天空界”、“地表界”、“地下界”技术，在突破单一技术手段片面零散探测的基础上，强调空天地一体化与井下探测技术的有机融合，构建了星空地井一体化探测技术体系。该一体化探测技术在湖北典型污染场地地下水污染调查中得到了有效应用验证，具有全局性视野认知、自组织高效诊断识别、兼具大时空尺度风险筛查与场地尺度分层精细表征等技术优势。此外，采用该一体化探测技术体系在江西赣南边远山区找水打井与地下水源应急供水中得到了应用验证，从技术方法上克服了传统单一方法的不确定性，科学有效地提高了基岩山区水文地质调查找水的成功率与工作效率。地表界调查圈定找水靶区，论证地下水源找水井位；地下界探测应用落地，基岩山区水文地质钻探涌水量达120 m3/d，解决了赣南革命老区季节性缺水的实际问题。作为行业共性关键技术，星空地井一体化探测技术体系在生态环境、自然资源、水利巡查、应急救灾等业务领域应用前景广阔。未来在多技术方法融合、多元异质信息融合及项目应用落地方面有待进一步拓展，天空界无人机航测、地下界分层精细探测新技术新方法等尚需加强研发应用与技术协同。Abstract: Site investigation under complex geological conditions is often affected by factors such as undulating topography, complex faults, drastic changes in hydrogeological conditions, and human activity disturbances, it is a challenge. There is a lack of science in the scope of the investigation, and it is difficult to synergistically balance the scale and accuracy of the investigations, resulting in a high overall workload deployment and relatively insufficient accuracy in characterizing high-risk areas. To address these challenges, an integrated survey approach is proposed that includes satellite, aerial, terrestrial, and underground methods, which break through the scattered detection of various technical means and emphasise on integration of the Space-Air-Ground technology. This integrated approach had been effectively applied in the investigation of groundwater pollution in a typical landfill site in Hubei, demonstrating its technological advantages on global perspective cognition, self-organized and efficient diagnosis and identification, risk screening at large spatial and temporal scales, and fine characterization of site-scale stratification. In addition, the approach had also been applied in the investigation of water supply from groundwater in a remote mountainous area in Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province. The results demonstrated its technological advantages in overcoming the uncertainty of the traditional single-method approach, scientifically and effectively improving the success rate and work efficiency of water searching in bedrock mountainous areas in the hydrogeological investigations. Satellite and terrestrial surveys were applied to delineate target areas and their locations; underground detection technologies were implemented to drill groundwater, and well yield of the water-supply well reached 120 m3/d, which effectively solved the seasonal water shortage problem in the studied areas in south Jiangxi. As a key technology, the integrated Satellite-Aerial-Terrestrial-Underground approach has broad application prospects in multiple fields such as ecological environment, natural resources, water resources, and emergency management. In the future, there is room for further prospect of the integration of multiple technological methods and diversified heterogeneous information Moreover, new technological synergy in the aerial surveying of the sky by unmanned aerial vehicles and underground surveying of multilevel stratigraphic characterization still need to be strengthened.
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