The characteristics and driving factors of spatiotemporal changes in the ecosystem service value in Xiangxi, Hunan, China
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摘要: 生态系统服务价值评估是生态环境保护、生态补偿、自然资源资产核算等政策的重要依据和基础,深入研究湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征及驱动因素,对其生态环境治理和保护具有重要意义。基于1990—2018年湘西州7期土地利用数据,对其土地利用变化进行分析,采用当量因子法对湘西州生态系统服务价值进行评估,结合空间统计模型对湘西州生态系统服务价值进行时空特征分析,进一步探究生态系统服务价值的驱动因素。结果表明: 湘西州地区主要土地利用类型为林地,28 a间由于建设占用,林地、草地面积减少,建设用地、湿地和未利用地面积增加,水域面积基本无变化,总体来看土地利用活跃程度不高; 生态系统服务总价值呈现先增加后减少再增加最后减少的趋势,呈M型变化特征,生态系统服务价值总体下降,空间上呈现出东南部高于西北部; 空间自相关分析表明研究区生态系统服务价值呈现出正向空间聚集特征,28 a来湘西州生态空间格局总体上没有发生大的变化; 生态系统服务价值时空差异的主要驱动因素为城镇化率、人口密度、林业总产值和林地面积。研究可以为湘西州土地资源的合理利用与生态环境保护提供理论参考。Abstract: The evaluation of ecosystem service value (ESV) is an important basis for formulating policies regarding ecological protection, ecological compensation, and the accounting for natural resource assets. An in-depth study of the characteristics and driving factors of the spatiotemporal changes in the ESV in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, China is greatly significant for ecological control and protection. This study analyzed the changes in land use based on seven phases of 1990—2018 land use data of Xiangxi and evaluated the ESV in Xiangxi using the equivalence factor method. Moreover, it analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of the ESV by combining a spatial statistical model and further explored the driving factors of the ESV. The results are as follows. The main land type in Xiangxi is forest land. In the past 28 years, the area of forest land and grassland decreased due to occupation by construction land, the area of construction land, wetland, and unused land increased, and the water area roughly remained unchanged. Overall, land use in Xiangxi had a moderate or low degree of activity. The total ESV successively increased, decreased, increased, and decreased, forming an M-shaped trend. Moreover, it declined overall. Spatially, the total ESV was higher in the southeast than in the northwest. The spatial self correlation analysis indicated that the ESV in the study area showed positive spatial aggregation, and the ecological spatial pattern in Xiangxi had not changed significantly over the past 28 years. The driving factors leading to the spatiotemporal differences in the ESV main included urbanization rate, population density, the gross output by forestry, and area of forest land. This study will provide a theoretical reference for the rational utilization of land resources and ecological protection in Xiangxi.
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