Spatiotemporal response of wetland landscape to urban expansion in Phnom Penh, Cambodia determined based on remote sensing
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摘要: 金边市是澜湄流域典型城市,在“一带一路”背景下经济迅速发展、城市范围不断扩张,对周边湿地侵占严重。为充分了解金边市湿地在城市扩张下的响应特点,基于2000—2020年共5期Landsat影像提取金边市土地利用信息,并从面积和空间分布、变化强度以及景观格局等多个维度分析了湿地景观和城市扩张用地时空变化特征,最后利用相关系数构建了两者间的定量关系。结果表明,2000—2020年间金边市建设用地和裸地由中心向外扩张,面积持续增加,2001—2005年间扩张最为强烈; 其空间结构更加集聚,形状更为复杂; 湿地面积持续减少,沼泽和水田向建设用地和裸地转换强烈,尤其是沼泽湿地转换面积达124.06 km2,导致约1/3的沼泽消失; 湿地景观格局趋于破碎化、规则化,连通度下降,其降温增湿、调节蓄洪等生态功能被削弱。金边市湿地变化与城市扩张显著相关,湿地与城市扩张用地在面积上的相关性高于0.97 (p<0.01),扩张强度和景观格局方面也有较强相关性。为促进城市可持续发展,城市扩张应当合理规划空间布局,以集约型发展为主,必要时优先利用水田,尽可能减少对沼泽湿地的侵占和破坏。Abstract: Phnom Penh is a typical city in the Lancang-Mekong River basin. It has rapidly developed and expanded under the Belt and Road Initiative and has continuously invaded its surrounding wetlands. To fully understand the response of the wetland landscape to the urban expansion in Phnom Penh, this study extracted the 2000—2020 land use data of this city from five phases of Landsat images, then analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of the changes in wetland landscapes and the land use for urban expansion from the aspects of area change, spatial distribution, change intensity, and landscape pattern, and finally established the quantitative relationships between the wetland landscape and the land use for urban expansion using the correlation coefficient. The results are as follows. The construction land and bare land in Phnom Penh had expanded outwards from the center, and their sizes had constantly increased during 2000—2020, especially during 2001—2005. Their spatial structures were increasingly concentrated, and the shapes were more complex. The wetland area continuously decreased, and the swamps and paddy fields were converted to construction land and bare land intensively. In particular, swamps with an area of 124.06 km2 were converted to construction land and bare land. In other words, about one-third of the swamps disappeared. The wetland landscape tended to be distributed in a fragmented and regularized manner. Its connectivity degree decreased and its ecological functions such as lowering the temperature, increasing the humidity, and regulating and storing floodwater were weakened. These changes in the wetland in Phnom Penh are significantly related to urban expansion, with a correlation coefficient in terms of area greater than 0.97 (p < 0.01). There is also a strong correlation between the intensity of the urban expansion and the wetland landscape pattern. To maintain the sustainable development of the city, it is necessary to reasonably plan the spatial layout in the process of urban expansion. The urban expansion should be conducted mainly through intensive development, paddy fields should be utilized first if necessary, and the occupation and destruction of swamps and wetlands should be avoided as much as possible.
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Key words:
- wetland /
- urban expansion /
- landscape pattern /
- Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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