Detection and assessment of the physical state of offshore artificial reefs
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摘要: 掌握人工鱼礁水下物理状态是评估鱼礁效益的关键条件。传统调查方法存在效率低、信息不完整等缺陷,无法满足人工鱼礁精准监测的要求。该文利用多波束测深声纳系统获取礁区高精度数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM),结合地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)空间分析方法,对礁体分布、礁体高度、投礁空方量及礁区复杂地形特征进行定量分析。在山东近海某人工鱼礁区的实验结果表明,研究区水深范围在-9.92~-6.73 m之间,人工礁石堆砌成堆,礁堆间距离不一,50%的礁体高度在1.48~1.82 m之间,投礁空方量共计5 458.49 m3; 坡度、曲率、粗糙度以及地形起伏度等地形特征变量的高值区均集中在礁石分布区; 受自身重力及局地水动力影响,鱼礁沉陷深度约为0.5 m,礁体周围形成特殊的冲淤地形。本研究可为人工鱼礁水下物理稳定性的监测与评估提供技术与数据支持,具有较强的实践意义。Abstract: Mastering the subaqueous physical state of artificial reefs (ARs) is critical for assessing the benefits of ARs. Tradition survey methods suffer shortcomings such as low efficiency and incomplete information and cannot meet the requirements for the precise monitoring of ARs. This study established a high-precision DEM (digital elevation model) of ARs using a multibeam sonar system. Meanwhile, this study conducted a quantitative analysis of the distribution, height, volume, and complex topographic features of ARs using the GIS (geographic information system) spatial analysis method. The high-precision DEM was tested in an offshore AR area in Shandong Province, obtaining the following results. The AR area has a water depth of -9.92~-6.73 m. The ARs in the area are stacked in piles with different distances, with a total reef volume of 5 458.49 m3. Meanwhile, 50% of the ARs have a height of 1.48~1.82 m. The terrain characteristic variables such as slope, curvature, rugosity, and topographic relief intensively show high values in the reef distribution area. Affected by their own gravity and local hydrodynamic force, the ARs have a subsidence depth of about 0.5 m, leading to the formation of the special erosion and silting terrain around the ARs. This study can provide technical and data support for the monitoring and assessing the physical stability of ARs and thus is practically significant.
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Key words:
- artificial reef (AR) /
- physical stability /
- multibeam sonar /
- GIS spatial analysis
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