Exudative metallogeny of the Hadatu sandstone-type uranium deposit in the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
研究目的 哈达图铀矿床是产于二连盆地下白垩统赛汉组上段的一个特大型砂岩型铀矿床, 其与传统砂岩铀矿特点不同, 矿体呈多层板状, 控矿灰色砂体具"两黄夹一灰"特征, 传统的渗入(潜水氧化、层间氧化)砂岩型铀成矿理论难以解释, 阐明其成因和控矿要素对创新砂岩铀成矿理论与红杂色砂岩中铀矿找矿均具有重大意义。
研究方法 采用野外和室内、宏观和微观相结合, 主要包括野外观察、区域地质、构造学、沉积学、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学(元素、有机、同位素)、地震解释和铀矿床学等方法。
研究成果 阐明了矿床矿体、控矿灰色砂体和矿化特征, 指出研究区红杂色建造赛汉组上段、二连组和伊尔丁曼哈组为原生氧化建造成因, 主含矿层赛汉组上段控矿灰色砂体是深部还原性流体对其再还原的结果, 主要受连通深部的断裂构造及相关河道或不整合面控制, 属后生改造成因, 从成矿铀源、深部渗出流体的形成、铀的迁移和沉淀阐述了砂岩渗出铀成矿作用机制, 提出哈达图砂岩铀矿床主要是渗出铀成矿作用形成, 建立了相应的渗出铀成矿模式。
结论 发现揭示了红杂色砂岩形成砂岩铀矿一种新的铀成矿作用--渗出铀成矿作用, 并由此提出了在红杂色沉积建造中寻找砂岩铀矿"上红下黑、上下连通、红中找灰、灰中找矿"预测评价的新思路, 指出针对红杂色沉积建造砂岩铀矿找矿新层位, 在找矿空间上可由盆缘拓展到盆中、由浅部拓展到深部。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective The Hadatu uranium deposit is a giant uranium deposit that occurs in the upper part of the early Cretaceous Saihan Formation in the Erlian Basin.Unlike traditional sandstone-type uranium deposits, the Hadatu uranium orebody exhibits stratiform and tabular shape, and the ore-controlling grey sandstone body is surrounded by red mottled oxidized sandstone.It is difficult to explain the genesis of the Hadatu uranium deposit with the traditional infiltration (phreatic and interlayer oxidization-reduction) metallogenic theory of sandstone-type uranium deposits.Therefore, identification of the ore genesis and ore-controlling factors of the Hadatu uranium deposit becomes very significant to the innovations of metallogenic theory for sandstone-type uranium deposits and to uranium prospecting in red mottled sandstone.
Methods Both fieldwork and lab analysis were conducted, and macro-and micro-observations were made.Adopted methods include field observations, regional geology, tectonics, sedimentology, petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry (i.e.element, organic and isotopic analysis), seismic interpretation and uranium metallogenic studies, etc.
Results The signatures of the orebody, ore-controlling grey sandstone body and the metallogenic characteristics of the Hadatu uranium deposit are clarified.It is evidenced that the upper part of the red mottled Saihan Formation, Erlian Formation and the Irdin Manha Formation are of the primary oxidization origin, whereas the ore-controlling grey sandstone body in the ore-bearing Saihan Formation is of epigenetic origin, resulted from secondary reduction through deep-seated reducing fluids that are mainly controlled by the fault structures and pertinent river channels or unconformities.Based on the analysis of the ore-forming uranium source, fluids deriving from the depth and their transportation and precipitation of the uranium, this paper demonstrates a new exudative uranium metallogeny.The authors propose that Hadatu sandstone-type uranium deposit occurs predominantly by exudative uranium metallogeny and correspondingly establishes the exudative uranium metallogenic model.
Conclusions The exudative uranium metallogeny, as a new kind of uranium metallogeny in red mottled sandstone-type uranium deposits, has been established.The new methods to identify uranium mineralization in red mottled sandstone have been concluded, i.e. "combining the information of the upper red and lower black sedimentary formation, connecting pathways of the upper red formation with lower black one, finding grey sandstone body in red mottled formation and uranium in the grey sandstone body".The perspective of sandstone-type uranium deposits in red mottled sedimentary formation has been pointed out and new prospecting area from margins to the center of the basin and from near surface to deeper strata have been expanded.
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图 4 哈达图矿区L2地震剖面图(剖面位置见图 6)
Figure 4.
图 8 哈达图铀矿床F63线地质剖面图(据吕永华等,2021)
Figure 8.
图 22 哈达图矿床含矿岩石氯仿沥青A族组分三角投图(底图据尚慧芸和李晋超,1981)
Figure 22.
图 23 F32线钻孔剖面(位置见图 6,据核工业208大队施工钻孔编制)
Figure 23.
图 24 哈达图矿床A-B地质剖面(位置见图 6,据核工业208大队施工钻孔编制)
Figure 24.
图 25 哈达图矿床EF剖面图(位置见图 6,据核工业208大队施工钻孔编制)
Figure 25.
图 27 哈达图铀矿区L1(位置见图 6)地震剖面中工业铀矿孔与深部构造关系
Figure 27.
表 1 哈达图垂向岩性分带特征
Table 1. Vertical lithologic zonation characteristics of the Hadatu deposit
表 2 哈达图矿床区域红色赛汉组上段各亚层中红色泥岩累积厚度统计
Table 2. Cumulative thickness of the red mudstones of the upper member of Saihan Formation in the Hadatu deposit
表 3 哈达图铀矿床蚀变带内矿物-地球化学特性
Table 3. mineral and geochemistry characteristics of alteration zone in the Hadatu uranium deposit
表 4 哈达图矿床含矿段岩石环境参数与铀相关系数矩阵
Table 4. Correlation matrix between geochemical parameters and uranium content of ores in Hadatu uranium deposit
表 5 哈达图铀矿床矿石中黄铁矿微量元素组成(10-6)
Table 5. Trace elements compositions of zoned pyrite in ores from the Hadatu deposit(10-6)
表 6 哈达图铀矿床矿石中黄铁矿S同位素组成
Table 6. Sulfur isotope compositions of zoned pyrite in ores from Hadatu deposit
表 7 哈达图矿床烃类特征统计(据刘武生等,2015)
Table 7. Statistical contents of uranium and hydrocarbon of the Hadatu deposit (Liu et al., 2015)
表 8 岩石中氯仿沥青及组分含量(%)
Table 8. Chloroform asphalt and component content in the rocks of Hadatu deposit(%)
表 9 哈达图矿床含矿段岩石饱和烃色谱特征参数
Table 9. Characteristic parameters of saturated hydrocarbon chromatography of ores of the Hadatu deposit
表 10 哈达图铀矿床铀矿物电子探针成分分析结果(%)
Table 10. Electron probe microanalysis data of uranium minerals in Hadatu deposit(%)
表 11 哈达图矿床矿石中地沥青细脉电子探针数据(%)
Table 11. Electron probe microanalysis of bitumen in ore of Hadatu deposit(%)
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